10.1038/nature21043
The study focuses on the development of molybdenum chloride catalysts for Z-selective olefin metathesis reactions, which is a significant advancement in the field of chemistry. The researchers utilized molybdenum monoaryloxide chloride complexes to catalyze the formation of higher-energy (Z) isomers of trifluoromethyl-substituted alkenes through cross-metathesis reactions with Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene, a commercially available and inexpensive compound typically considered inert. The study also improved the efficiency and Z selectivity of transformations involving Z-1,2-dichloroethene and 1,2-dibromoethene. These molybdenum complexes enabled the synthesis of biologically active molecules and trifluoromethyl analogues of medicinally relevant compounds, which can enhance bioavailability, metabolic stability, lipophilicity, or binding selectivity. The study's purpose was to address the challenges in synthesizing trifluoromethyl-substituted olefins, a crucial moiety in agrochemicals and materials research, by providing a more direct and practical method for their preparation. The study employed density functional theory calculations to elucidate the origins of the observed activity and selectivity levels, contradicting previously proposed principles.