Ethanol

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Ethanol
• CAS No.: 64-17-5
• Deprecated CAS: 121182-78-3,8000-16-6,8024-45-1,8000-16-6,8024-45-1
• Molecular Formula: C2H6O
• Molecular Weight: 46.069
• Hs Code.: 22071000
• European Community (EC) Number: 200-578-6,270-698-1
• ICSC Number: 0044
• NSC Number: 85228
• UN Number: 1987,1170
• UNII: 3K9958V90M
• DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID9020584
• Nikkaji Number: J1.930E
• Wikipedia: Ethanol
• Wikidata: Q153,Q82923683,Q83046210
• NCI Thesaurus Code: C2190
• RXCUI: 448
• Metabolomics Workbench ID: 37078
• ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL545
• Mol file: 64-17-5.mol

Synonyms:Absolute Alcohol;Alcohol, Absolute;Alcohol, Ethyl;Alcohol, Grain;Ethanol;Ethyl Alcohol;Grain Alcohol

Chemical Property of Ethanol

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: clear colorless liquid
• Vapor Pressure: 43 mmHg at 20 °C
• Melting Point: -114 °C
• Refractive Index: 1.3614
• Boiling Point: 72.62 °C at 760 mmHg
• PKA: 16(at 25℃)
• Flash Point: 8.889 °C
• PSA: 20.23000
• Density: 0.78 g/cm³
• LogP: -0.00140
• Storage Temp.: Store at RT.
• Sensitive.: Hygroscopic
• Solubility.: water: soluble (completely)
• Water Solubility.: miscible
• XLogP3: -0.1
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
• Rotatable Bond Count: 0
• Exact Mass: 46.041864811
• Heavy Atom Count: 3
• Complexity: 2.8
• Transport DOT Label: Flammable Liquid

Purity/Quality:

99.5%, ^*data from raw suppliers

Reagent Alcohol 70%,usedforhistologytissuepreparation ^*data from reagent suppliers

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s): F, T, Xn
• Hazard Codes: F,T,Xn,N
• Statements: 11-10-36/37/38-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-68/20/21/22-20/21/22-52/53-51/53
• Safety Statements: 16-7-36-26-45-36/37-61-24/25-2017/7/16

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Total 1 MSDS from other Authors

Useful:

• Chemical Classes: UVCB,Solvents -> Alcohols (
• Canonical SMILES: CCO
• Recent ClinicalTrials: Computer-Assisted Self-Administration of Ethanol
• Recent EU Clinical Trials: Ethanol submandibular duct ligation for drooling in children with neurodisabilities
• Recent NIPH Clinical Trials: Breath Alcohol Concentration Assessment for patients after gastrectomy
• Inhalation Risk: A harmful contamination of the air will be reached rather slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.
• Effects of Short Term Exposure: The substance is severely irritating to the eyes. The vapour at high levels is irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system.
• Effects of Long Term Exposure: The substance defats the skin, which may cause dryness or cracking. The substance may have effects on the upper respiratory tract and central nervous system. This may result in irritation, headache, fatigue and lack of concentration.
• Uses: Medical A solution of 70-85% of ethanol is commonly used as a disinfectant and it kills organisms by denaturing their proteins and dissolving their lipids. It is effective against most bacteria and fungi, and many viruses, but is ineffective against bacterial spores. This disinfectant property of ethanol is the reason that alcoholic beverages can be stored for a long time[9]. Ethanol also has many medical uses, and can be found in products such as medicines, medical wipes and as an antiseptic in most antibacterial hand sanitizer gels. Ethanal can also be used as antidote. It competitively blocks the formation of toxic metabolites in toxic alcohol ingestions by having a higher affinity for the enzyme Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH). Its chief application is in methanol and ethylene glycol ingestions. Ethanol can be administered by the oral, nasogastric or intravenous route to maintain a blood ethanol concentration of 100-150 mg/dl (22-33 mol/L)[10]. Fuel Ethanol is flammable and burns more cleanly than many other fuels. Ethanol has been used in cars since Henry Ford designed his 1908 Model T to operate on alcohol. In Brazil and the United States, the use of ethanol from sugar cane and grain as car fuel has been promoted by government programs[11].?The Brazilian ethanol program started as a way to reduce the reliance on oil imports, but it was soon realized that it had important environmental and social benefits[12]. The fully combusted products of ethanol are only carbon dioxide and water. For this reason, it is environmental friendly and has been used to fuel public buses in the US. However, pure ethanol attacks certain rubber and plastic materials and cannot be used in unmodified car engines[13]. The alcohol-based alternative fuel that is blended with gasoline to produce a fuel with a higher octane rating and fewer harmful emissions than unblended gasoline. A mixture containing gasoline with at least 10% ethanol is known as gasohol. Specifically, gasoline with 10% ethanol content is known as E10. Another common gasohol variant is E15, which contains 15% ethanol and 85% gasoline. E15 is only appropriate for use in Flex Fuel vehicles or a very small percentage of the newest vehicles[14]. In addition, E85 is a term used for a mixture of 15% gasoline and 85% ethanol. E85 keeps the fuel system clean because it burns cleaner than regular gas or diesel and doesn't leave behind gummy deposits. Beginning with the model year 1999, a number of vehicles in the U.S. were manufactured so as to be able to run on E85 fuel without modification. These vehicles are often labeled dual fuel or flexible fuel vehicles, since they can automatically detect the type of fuel and change the engine's behavior to compensate for the different ways that they burn in the engine cylinders[15].? The use of ethanol-diesel fuel blends is growing around the world, and are designed to provide renewable, cleaner burning fuel alternatives for off-road equipment, buses, semi-trucks and other vehicles that run on diesel fuel. With the addition of ethanol and other fuel additives to diesel, the characteristic black diesel smoke is eliminated and there are significant reductions in particulate matter, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxide emissions. It is also possible to use ethanol for cooking as a replacement for wood, charcoal, propane, or as a substitute for lighting fuels, such as kerosene[16]. Brazil and the United States lead the industrial production of ethanol fuel, accounting together for 89% of the world's production in 2008. In comparison with the USA and Brazil, Europe ethanol for fuel production is still very modest. Brazil is the world's second largest producer of ethanol fuel and the world's largest exporter[17]. Beverage Significant volumes of ethanol are produced for the beverage and industrial markets from agricultural feedstock. Ethanol produced for these industries differs from ethanol for fuel only in its strength, which can vary between 96% and 99.9% and in its purity, depending on the end use. Beverage and drinks industry may be the best-known end-user of ethanol. It is used to make many kinds of spirits, such vodka, gin and anisette. High standards and processes are required for ethanal used in the production of spirit drinks. Others The ethanol used as an intermediary product by the chemical, pharmaceutical or cosmetics industry is in many cases of the highest and purest possible quality. These are premium markets due to the additional steps in the alcohol production process that are necessary to achieve the required purity. Same high standards and purity requirements apply in food industry, such as flavors and aromas extraction and concentrations, as well as paints and thermometers. Ethanol can be used in de-icer or anti-freeze to clear the car windscreen. It also is contained in perfumes, deodorants, and other cosmetics[18]. One of the most prominent uses of ethyl alcohol is as a fuel additive and increasingly as a fuel itself. Ethyl alcohol is added to gasoline to increase its oxygen content and octane number. In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency has mandated that oxygenated fuels be used in certain geographic areas to help meet air quality standards for carbon monoxide, especially in winter. A gasoline blended for this purpose may contain a few percent ethyl alcohol. Gasoline blended with ethyl alcohol is called gasohol. A typical gasohol may contain 90% gasoline and 10% ethanol. Gasohol reduces several common air pollutants including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, and benzene. Conversely, nitrogen oxides increase with gasohol. Ethanol is used primarily as a solvent — animportant industrial solvent for resins, lacquers, pharmaceuticals, toilet preparations,and cleaning agents; in the production of rawmaterials for cosmetics, perfumes, drugs, andplasticizers; as an antifreeze; as an automotive fuel additive; and from ancient times, inmaking beverages. Its pathway to the bodysystem is mainly through the consumption ofbeverages. It is formed by the natural fermentation of corn, sugarcane, and other crops. Suitable for use in the precipitation of nucleic acids. Most ethyl alcohol is used in alcoholic beverages in suitable dilutions. Other uses are as solvent in laboratory and industry, in the manufacture of denatured alcohol, pharmaceuticals (rubbing Compounds, lotions, tonics, colognes), in perfumery, in organic synthesis. Octane booster in gasoline. Pharmaceutic aid (solvent). alcohol (alcohol SD-40; alcohol SDA-40; ethanol; ethyl alcohol) is widely used in the cosmetic industry as an antiseptic as well as a solvent given its strong grease-dissolving abilities. It is often used in a variety of concentrations in skin toners for acne skin, aftershave lotions, perfumes, suntan lotions, and toilet waters. Alcohol dries the skin when used in high concentrations. It is manufactured through the fermentation of starch, sugar, and other carbohydrates. ethyl alcohol (Etanol) is commonly known as rubbing alcohol. ethyl alcohol is ordinary alcohol and is used medicinally as a topical antiseptic, astringent, and anti-bacterial. At concentrations above 15 percent, it is also a broad-spectrum preservative against bacteria and fungi, and can boost the efficacy of other preservatives in a formulation. Cosmetic companies tend to use alcohol SD-40 in high-grade cosmetic manufacturing as they consider ethanol too strong and too drying for application on the skin. obtained from grain distillation, it can also be synthetically manufactured.
• Description: Ethyl alcohol, also called ethanol, absolute alcohol, or grain alcohol, is a clear, colorless, flammable liquid with a pleasant odor. It is associated primarily with alcoholic beverages, but it has numerous uses in the chemical industry. The word alcohol is derived from the Arabic word al kuhul, which was a fine powder of the element antimony used as a cosmetic. In Medieval times, the word al kuhul came to be associated with the distilled products known as alcohols. The hydroxyl group, -OH, bonded to a carbon, characterizes alcohols. Ethyl is derived from the root of the two-carbon hydrocarbon ethane.
• Indications: Ethanol is the most widely abused drug in the world. There are more than 10 million alcoholics in the United States alone. Excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages has been linked to as many as half of all traffic accidents, two-thirds of homicides, and three-fourths of suicides, and it is a significant factor in other crimes, in family problems, and in personal and industrial accidents. The annual cost to the American economy has been estimated to exceed $100 billion in lost productivity, medical care, and property damage. Alcoholism has been difficult to define because of its complex nature.A person is generally considered an alcoholic, however, when his or her lifestyle is dominated by the procurement and consumption of alcoholic beverages and when this behavior interferes with personal, professional, social, or family relations. A light drinker generally is defined as one who consumes an average of one drink or less per day, usually with the evening meal; a moderate drinker is one who has approximately three drinks per day; and a heavy drinker is one who has five or more drinks per day (or in the case of binge drinkers, at least once per week with five or more drinks on each occasion). Intravenous use of ethanol, while once widely employed to inhibit premature labor, is now of historical interest only. Ethanol inhibits oxytocin release from the pituitary and thus indirectly decreases myometrial contractility. Today, 2-adrenomimetics and magnesium sulfate have replaced ethanol for parenteral tocolysis.
• Clinical Use: Generally, no treatment is required for acute ethanol intoxication. Allowing the individual to sleep off the effects of ethanol ingestion is the usual procedure. Hangovers are treated similarly; that is, no effective remedy exists for a hangover, except for controlling the amount of ethanol consumed. Sometimes ethanol overdose is a medical emergency. For example, prompt treatment is required if the patient is in danger of dying of respiratory arrest, is comatose, has dilated pupils, is hypothermic, or displays tachycardia. Treatment for severe ethanol overdose is generally supportive. Increased intracranial pressure can be relieved by intravenous administration of hypertonic mannitol. Hemodialysis can accelerate the removal of ethanol from the body. Stimulants of ethanol metabolism, such as fructose, are not sufficiently effective, and use of analeptics is not recommended because of the possibility of precipitating convulsions.The immediate concern in the treatment of alcoholics is detoxification and management of the ethanol withdrawal syndrome. Another pharmacological approach is the use of anticraving drugs, for example serotonin uptake inhibitors,dopaminergic agonists, and opioid antagonists.The only treatment that has shown considerable promise is one that uses the opioid antagonist naltrexone.

Technology Process of Ethanol

There total 2652 articles about Ethanol which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield:

ethyl N-(4-nitrophenyl)oxamate (5416-11-5) + furan-2,3,5(4H)-trione pyridine (1:1) → ethanol (64-17-5) + oxalic acid (144-62-7,97993-78-7) + 4-nitro-aniline (100-01-6,104810-17-5)

Guidance literature:

Reference yield:

methanol (67-56-1) + 1,1-diethoxy-octane (54889-48-4) → 1,1-dimethoxyoctane (10022-28-3) + ethanol (64-17-5) + 1-Ethoxy-1-methoxy-octane (127248-86-6)

Guidance literature:

With hydrogenchloride; at 24.9 ℃; Kinetics; Thermodynamic data; Rate constant; E(excit.), ΔH(excit.), ΔS(excit.), var. temp., equilibrium constant;

Reference yield:

methanol (67-56-1) + ethyl trimethylsilyl ether (1825-62-3) → ethanol (64-17-5) + Trimethylmethoxysilane (1825-61-2)

Guidance literature:

at 21.9 ℃; Equilibrium constant;

upstream raw materials:

1,4-dioxane

ethylene glycol

N-butylamine

formic acid ethyl ester

Downstream raw materials:

α-cyano-γ,γ-dimethyl-γ-butyrolactone

N,N-3-oxapentamethylenethiocarbamoylthioacetic acid

bis(carboxymethyl)trithiocarbonate

morpholinyl thiocarbamate

Refernces

• 1、 He, Lan-Qi,Yang, Hao,Huang, Jia-Jun,Lu, Xi-Hong,Li, Gao-Ren,Liu, Xiao-Qing,Fang, Ping-Ping,Tong, Ye-Xiang. "Enhanced catalytic activity of Au core Pd shell Pt cluster trimetallic nanorods for CO2 reduction". . p. 10168 - 10173. Retrieved 2019.
• 2、 Ji, Lei,Li, Lei,Ji, Xuqiang,Zhang, Ya,Mou, Shiyong,Wu, Tongwei,Liu, Qian,Li, Baihai,Zhu, Xiaojuan,Luo, Yonglan,Shi, Xifeng,Asiri, Abdullah M.,Sun, Xuping. "Highly Selective Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Alcohols on an FeP Nanoarray". . p. 758 - 762. Retrieved 2020.
• 3、 Bertheussen, Erlend,Verdaguer-Casadevall, Arnau,Ravasio, Davide,Montoya, Joseph H.,Trimarco, Daniel B.,Roy, Claudie,Meier, Sebastian,Wendland, Jürgen,N?rskov, Jens K.,Stephens, Ifan E. L.,Chorkendorff. "Acetaldehyde as an Intermediate in the Electroreduction of Carbon Monoxide to Ethanol on Oxide-Derived Copper". . p. 1450 - 1454. Retrieved 2016.
• 4、 Blanchard, Juliette,In, Martin,Schaudel, Barbara,Sanchez, Clement. "Hydrolysis and Condensation Reactions of Transition Metal Alkoxides: Calorimetric Study and Evaluation of the Extent of Reaction". . p. 1115 - 1127. Retrieved 1998.
• 5、 Chen, Mao-Long,Shi, Yan-Ru,Yang, Yu-Chen,Zhou, Zhao-Hui. "Acidic 1,3-propanediaminetetraacetato lanthanides with luminescent and catalytic ester hydrolysis properties". . p. 265 - 273. Retrieved 2014.
• 6、 Sans, Jordi,Revilla-López, Guillem,Sanz, Vanesa,Puiggalí, Jordi,Turon, Pau,Alemán, Carlos. "Permanently polarized hydroxyapatite for selective electrothermal catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide into ethanol". . p. 5163 - 5166. Retrieved 2021.
• 7、 Ye, Chenliang,Guo, Cuili,Sun, Chengwei,Zhang, Yu. "Effect of Mn doping on the activity and stability of Cu-SiO2 catalysts for the hydrogenation of methyl acetate to ethanol". . p. 113796 - 113802. Retrieved 2016.
• 8、 Cui, Rong-Ji,Yan, Xing,Fan, Jin-Chuan,Huang, Wei. "Synthesis of Higher Alcohols via Syngas on Cu/Zn/Si Catalysts. Effect of Polyethylene Glycol Content". . p. 884 - 888. Retrieved 2018.
• 9、 Cook, John,Hamlin, John E.,Nutton, Andrew,Maitlis, Peter M.. "Homogeneously Catalysed Disproportionation of Acetaldehyde into Ethanol and Acetic Acid". . p. 144 - 145. Retrieved 1980.
• 10、 Li, Chunshan,Li, Zengxi,Ren, Zhiheng,Wang, Gongying,Yang, Xiangui,Younis, Muhammad Naeem. "Highly active Ce, Y, La-modified Cu/SiO2 catalysts for hydrogenation of methyl acetate to ethanol". . p. 5590 - 5603. Retrieved 2020.