10.1016/j.dyepig.2013.12.025
In this research, the main focus was on the development and characterization of four novel carbazole-based organic dyes for use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The dyes, containing either a furan or thiophene moiety, were designed with the aim of improving the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs. The synthesis involved the use of reactants such as 3,6-diiodo-9H-carbazole, various alkyl halides, and boronic acids, and included Suzuki cross-coupling and Knoevenagel condensation reactions to attach the donor, linker, and acceptor groups to the carbazole core. The characterization of these dyes was performed using NMR and mass spectrometry to confirm their structures, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy to determine their absorption properties, and cyclic voltammetry to evaluate their electrochemical behavior. The photovoltaic performance of the DSSCs sensitized by these dyes was assessed through measurements of short-circuit current density (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF), and overall conversion efficiency (η) under standard AM 1.5 solar light conditions, with comparisons made to a ruthenium complex dye N719.
10.1016/j.jorganchem.2008.11.032
The research focuses on the palladium-catalyzed direct heteroarylation of chloropyridines and chloroquinolines, aiming to develop a sustainable and efficient method for the coupling of aryl chlorides with heteroarenes. The study explores the use of PdCl(dppb)(C3H5) as a catalyst for the C–H bond activation/functionalization reaction with a variety of substrates, yielding heteroaryl derivatives in low to high yields. The experiments involved the reaction of chloropyridines or chloroquinolines with heteroarenes such as benzoxazole, benzothiazole, thiophene, and thiazole derivatives, among others, under different reaction conditions. The position of the chloro substituent on pyridines and the nature of the heteroaryl derivative were investigated for their influence on the reaction yields. The analyses used to characterize the products included techniques such as 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, as well as elemental analysis, providing detailed information on the structure and composition of the synthesized compounds.
10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.04.117
The study presents a novel method for the benzylation of arenes and substituted thiophenes through FeCl3-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction, which involves the C–O activation of benzyl ethers. The primary chemicals used include various benzyl ethers as alkylating agents, different arenes and thiophenes as substrates, and FeCl3 as a catalyst. The purpose of these chemicals is to facilitate the formation of C–C bonds under mild conditions with good yields, providing a simple and practical approach to synthesize di- or tri-aryl methanes and aryl heteroaryl methanes. This method leverages the readily availability, inexpensiveness, and environmental friendliness of iron complexes, offering an efficient alternative to traditional Friedel-Crafts reactions that often require large amounts of Lewis or Br?nsted acids.
10.1021/acs.joc.0c01516
The study focuses on the synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted thiophenes and 2-substituted benzo[b]thiophenes using the trithiocarbonate anion (CS32-) as a sulfur source. This anion was generated in situ from carbon disulfide (CS2) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The purpose of these chemicals is to serve as a novel synthetic equivalent of the S2- synthon, which is used for the cyclization of 1,3-butadiynes and 2-haloalkynyl (hetero)arenes. The study aims to provide a cheap and readily available method for the synthesis of these compounds, which have applications in various fields such as biochemistry, materials chemistry, and organic synthesis. The use of CS32- allows for metal-free cyclization reactions, offering a moderate to good yield of the target compounds with good functional group tolerance.
10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.12.011
The study "Potent transglutaminase inhibitors, aryl b-aminoethyl ketones" explores the development of potent inhibitors of tissue transglutaminase (TGase), an enzyme implicated in various diseases including neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s, and Parkinson’s, as well as celiac disease and cancer metastasis. The researchers synthesized and evaluated a series of aryl b-aminoethyl ketones, focusing on the critical role of heteroaryl groups like thiophene and specific substituents such as bromine atoms for strong inhibitory activity. The most potent compound identified was 5-bromo-2-thienyl-(N-t-butyl N-benzyl)-aminoethyl ketone, with an IC50 value of 0.081 μM. These inhibitors were synthesized using the Mannich reaction and tested using an improved high-throughput screening assay. The study suggests that these compounds, due to their strong inhibitory effects, could serve as potential therapeutic agents for diseases associated with abnormal protein cross-linking.
10.1016/j.dyepig.2014.01.001
The research focuses on the development of a highly selective chemosensor for the detection of Cu2+ ions using a thiophene-based Schiff base (receptor 1) that exhibits a fluorescent "turn-on" response. The receptor was synthesized in a single step and its structure was confirmed using various spectroscopic techniques including single crystal X-ray diffraction. The cation sensing properties were studied using absorption and emission spectra, revealing that receptor 1 displayed a colorimetric change from yellow to colorless and a significant fluorescence enhancement upon interaction with Cu2+ ions. The binding constant for the receptor 1-Cu2+ complex was determined to be 4.23 x 10^5, with a detection limit of 0.418 nM. The selectivity of receptor 1 for Cu2+ ions over other metal ions was demonstrated both colorimetrically and through fluorescence spectroscopy. The potential application of receptor 1 in living cells was confirmed using confocal microscopy to image E. coli cells. Additionally, theoretical calculations using DFT studies were performed to support the experimental findings. The research utilized various analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry, NMR, IR spectroscopy, UV-vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy to characterize the receptor and its interactions with Cu2+ ions.
10.1007/BF00842830
The research explores a method for producing acetylamino derivatives of thiophene and furan carboxylic acids or their esters through reductive acetylation using reduced iron in a mixture of acetic acid and acetic anhydride. The purpose is to develop an efficient method for synthesizing these compounds, which are valuable intermediates in drug synthesis. The study concludes that this method yields good results, particularly for 5-alkyl-4-nitro-2-thiophenecarboxylic acids and their esters, achieving higher yields compared to previous methods using skeletal nickel. For instance, a yield of about 80% was achieved for 4-acetylamino-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid from a mixture of nitroacids. The research also demonstrates the stability of certain functional groups under these conditions, such as the retention of chlorine in 4-nitro-5-chloro-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid and partial debromination in 4-nitro-5-bromo-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid. The study provides detailed experimental procedures and characterizes the synthesized compounds through yields, melting points, and elemental analysis.
10.1007/BF00910051
The study details the synthesis of two compounds, 13 and 14, and their methylation in position 1. The researchers aimed to synthesize derivatives of 1H-thieno[3,2-e]1,4-diazepine with chlorination in the thiophene core. They initially attempted to chlorinate compound 1 but were unsuccessful under various conditions. They then tried chlorinating different precursors, such as the 3-Acetylamino-thiophen-2-carboxylate-methyl ester (1) and 3-Acetylamino-thiophen-2-carboxylic acid, but faced challenges in achieving selective chlorination. The compound 2, whose synthesis was improved compared to previous work, was successfully converted to the dichloro derivative 3 using SO2Cl2. However, attempts to obtain a monochloro product were unsuccessful. The study also involved the synthesis of compounds 4 through 16 through a series of reactions, including hydrolysis, chloroacetylation, and amination, with compounds 13 and 14 being the final products of interest. The study provides detailed experimental procedures and analytical data for all synthesized compounds.
F,
Xn
