DEUTERIUM OXIDE

Base Information

• Chemical Name: DEUTERIUM OXIDE
• CAS No.: 7789-20-0
• Deprecated CAS: 156428-50-1,39388-36-8,39388-36-8
• Molecular Formula: D2O
• Molecular Weight: 19.9994
• Hs Code.: 2845 10 00
• European Community (EC) Number: 232-148-9
• UNII: J65BV539M3
• DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID4051243
• Nikkaji Number: J95.184F
• Wikipedia: Heavy water
• Wikidata: Q155890
• NCI Thesaurus Code: C91099
• ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL1232306
• Mol file: 7789-20-0.mol

Synonyms:Water,heavy (D₂O) (8CI);Deuterium oxide;Deuterium oxide (D₂O);Deuterium oxide-d₂;Dideuterium monoxide;Dideuterium oxide;Heavy water;Heavy water (D₂O);Heavywater-d₂;Water-2H₂;

Chemical Property of DEUTERIUM OXIDE

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: colourless liquid
• Vapor Pressure: 24.5mmHg at 25°C
• Melting Point: 3.8 °C(lit.)
• Refractive Index: n20/D 1.328(lit.)
• Boiling Point: 100 °C at 760 mmHg
• PKA: pK (25°) 14.955 (molarity scale); 16.653 (mole fraction scale):
• Flash Point: 101.4 °C
• PSA: 9.23000
• Density: 1.11 g/cm³
• LogP: -0.06430
• Storage Temp.: Store below +30°C.
• Sensitive.: Moisture Sensitive
• Water Solubility.: Miscible with water.
• XLogP3: -0.5
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
• Rotatable Bond Count: 0
• Exact Mass: 20.023118175
• Heavy Atom Count: 1
• Complexity: 0

Purity/Quality:

99.9% ^*data from raw suppliers

Deuterium Oxide 99.8atom%D ^*data from reagent suppliers

Safty Information:

• Safety Statements: 24/25

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Total 1 MSDS from other Authors

Useful:

• Chemical Classes: Other Classes -> Other Inorganic Compounds
• Canonical SMILES: O
• Isomeric SMILES: [2H]O[2H]
• Recent ClinicalTrials: A Study to Evaluate a Skeletal-muscle Microbiopsy Technique With Dynamic Proteomic Measurement in Healthy Male Volunteers
• Recent EU Clinical Trials: Efect of nebulized bicarbonate on bacterial infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. Randomized clinical trial
• Production method: Deuterium oxide resource is very rich and the content in seawater reaches 5 × 1014t. The purity of heavy water in reactor is required to reach 99.75% while? the concentration of heavy water in natural water is very low with only 0.015% And the characteristics of heavy water production are large separation numbers, long balance time, large amount of material processing and energy consumption. The cost of heavy water production depends largely on that of initial enrichment and the chosen of concentration method from natural concentration to about 1% is very important. There are three main heavy water production methods as follows: Distillation method: using the vapor pressure characteristic of deuterium compounds to enrich deuterium. The main raw materials are hydrogen, ammonia, water and so on. The distillation factor of liquid hydrogen is large but the low temperature technology and equipment limit the scale of production. Water distillation is easy and reliable to operate but the separation coefficient is too small with large energy consumption. The separation coefficient of ammonia distillation is slightly larger than that of water and the latent heat is small. But the limited ammonia source makes it uneconomical to be used for initial enrichment. Electrolysis method: the electrolysis separation coefficient of deuterium is about 10. It is the main method producing deuterium oxide before the 1950’s but cannot be used? singly due to large energy consumption. Chemical exchange method: as the the most economical way now to produce heavy water, the actual process? is divided into single-temperature and double-temperature exchange method. And the double-temperature exchange process using hydrogen sulfide and water is nowadays the main method to produce low-concentration heavy water in industrial scale. In addition there are other methods still in? development? such as hydrogen-adsorption alloy adsorption-separation method and laser separation method.
• Uses: Deuterium Oxide is used to prepare specifically labelled isotopologs of organic compounds. To study chemical reaction rates and mechanisms. The cross section of deuterium for the capture of thermal neutrons is very low which makes it useful, in the form of heavy water, as a neutron moderator in nuclear reactors. Produces a considerable decrease in neutron energy per collision. Deuterium oxide is used in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). It is also useful in the identification of labile hydrogens. As a source of deuterium, it is utilized for preparing specifically labeled isotopologs of organic compounds. It is often used as a substitute for water in the analysis of proteins in solution by using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It finds application in certain types of nuclear reactors and in tritium production.

Technology Process of DEUTERIUM OXIDE

There total 86 articles about DEUTERIUM OXIDE which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield:

deuteroxyl (13587-54-7) + hydrogen chloride (7698-05-7) → clorine (14700-96-0,14835-24-6,15723-23-6,16547-50-5,16885-04-4,16887-00-6,16904-11-3,16904-12-4,16999-02-3,20337-89-7,20499-73-4,22537-15-1,22537-27-5,22541-73-7,22541-74-8,24203-47-2,33944-49-9,34937-26-3,37352-90-2) + water-d2 (7789-20-0)

Guidance literature:

In gas; (He); 213-401 K, 51-108 Torr; Kinetics;

Reference yield:

carbon dioxide (124-38-9,18923-20-1) + deuterium (16873-17-9,12184-84-8) → water (7732-18-5) + water-d2 (7789-20-0) + water (14940-63-7)

Guidance literature:

With methane; In neat (no solvent); reaction of CH4/CO2/D2/Ar mixt. at 873 K on catalyst Ru/Al2O3 studied; MS;

DOI:10.1021/jp030783l

Reference yield:

(2)H7O3(1+) → deuterated Zundel cation + water (7732-18-5) + water-d2 (7789-20-0) + water (14940-63-7)

Guidance literature:

In gas; collision induced dissociation with Ar, product distribution of mass-selected ions studied; MS, not isolated; Kinetics;

upstream raw materials:

deuteroxyl

nitric acid-d1

water

deuterium

Downstream raw materials:

deuterium iodide

La(O⁽²⁾H)2

lanthanum(II) oxide

LiOD

Refernces

• 1、 Giguere, P. A.,Liu, I. D.. "". . p. 6477 - 6479. Retrieved 1955.
• 2、 Thomas,Zhaunerchyk,Hellberg,Ehlerding,Geppert,Bahati,Bannister,Fogle,Vane,Petrignani,Andersson,Oejekull,Pettersson,Van Der Zande,Larsson. "Hot water from cold. the dissociative recombination of water cluster ions". . p. 4843 - 4846. Retrieved 2010.
• 3、 Abel, E.,Redlich, O.,Stricks, W.. "". . . Retrieved 1935.
• 4、 Halbach, Robert L.,Teets, Thomas S.,Nocera, Daniel G.. "Oxygen Reduction Mechanism of Monometallic Rhodium Hydride Complexes". . p. 7335 - 7344. Retrieved 2015.
• 5、 Dubkov,Paukshtis,Panov. "Stoichiometry of oxidation reactions involving α-oxygen on FeZSM-5 zeolite". . p. 205 - 211. Retrieved 2001.
• 6、 Cohen, Benyamin,Weiss, Shmuel. "Picosecond Kinetics of the Reaction H3O(1+) + SO4(2-) -> HSO4(1-) + H2O". . p. 6275 - 6277. Retrieved 1986.
• 7、 Kolesnikov,Li, Jichen,Parker,Eccleston,Loong. "Vibrational dynamics of amorphous ice". . p. 3569 - 3578. Retrieved 1999.
• 8、 Miles, F. T.,Shearman, R. W.,Menzies, A. W. C.. "". . p. 121 - 121. Retrieved 1936.
• 9、 Henderson, Michael A.,Epling, William S.,Peden, Charles H.F.,Perkins, Craig L.. "Insights into photoexcited electron scavenging processes on TiO2 obtained from studies of the reaction of O2 with OH groups adsorbed at electronic defects on TiO2(110)". . p. 534 - 545. Retrieved 2003.
• 10、 Knapp, Marcus,Crihan, Daniela,Seitsonen, Ari P.,Over, Herbert. "Hydrogen transfer reaction on the surface of an oxide catalyst". . p. 3236 - 3237. Retrieved 2005.