Clonidine hydrochloride

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Clonidine hydrochloride
• CAS No.: 4205-91-8
• Deprecated CAS: 57665-50-6,64638-22-8,66009-47-0,66073-52-7,73121-65-0,7555-15-9
• Molecular Formula: C9H10Cl3N3
• Molecular Weight: 266.558
• Hs Code.: 2933290000
• European Community (EC) Number: 224-121-5
• NSC Number: 756699
• UNII: W76I6XXF06
• DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID8044670
• Wikidata: Q27292429
• NCI Thesaurus Code: C47979
• RXCUI: 142432
• Pharos Ligand ID: S5T1CH4J9YSY
• ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL1705
• Mol file: 4205-91-8.mol

Synonyms:1H-Imidazol-2-amine,N-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-, monohydrochloride (9CI);2-Imidazoline,2-(2,6-dichloroanilino)-, monohydrochloride (8CI);2-(2,6-Dichloroanilino)-2-imidazoline hydrochloride;2-[(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)amino]-2-imidazoline hydrochloride;2-[(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)amino]-2-imidazoline monohydrochloride;Atensina;Capresin;Catapres;Catapresan;Chlophazolin;Clofelin;Clonidine chloride;1H-Imidazol-2-amine,N-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-, hydrochloride (1:1);Clonidine monohydrochloride;Clopheline;DCAI;Haemiton;Hemiton;Isoglaucon;Katapresan;Neuclon;Normopresan;ST 155;

Chemical Property of Clonidine hydrochloride

Chemical Property:

• Melting Point: 312 °C
• Boiling Point: 319.3 °C at 760 mmHg
• Flash Point: 146.9 °C
• PSA: 36.42000
• LogP: 3.00390
• Storage Temp.: 2-8°C
• Solubility.: H2O: 50 mg/mL, clear, colorless
• Water Solubility.: Soluble in water (50 mg/ml), DMSO (75 mM), methanol, chloroform (slightly), and dehydrated alcohol.
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
• Rotatable Bond Count: 2
• Exact Mass: 264.994030
• Heavy Atom Count: 15
• Complexity: 222

Purity/Quality:

99% ^*data from raw suppliers

Clonidine Hydrochloride ^*data from reagent suppliers

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s): T+
• Hazard Codes: T+
• Statements: 25-26
• Safety Statements: 22-26-28-36/37/39-45

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Total 1 MSDS from other Authors

Useful:

• Canonical SMILES: C1CN=C(N1)NC2=C(C=CC=C2Cl)Cl.Cl
• Recent ClinicalTrials: Clonidine for Tourniquet-related Pain in Children
• Recent EU Clinical Trials: Efficacy of Perioperative Long-acting Anesthesia by Local Infiltration Following Median Sternotomy - The PAIN Trial
• Uses: Clonidine hydrochloride tablets are indicated in the treatment of hypertension. It has found new uses, including treatment of some types of neuropathic pain, opioid detoxification, sleep hyperhidrosis, anaesthetic use, and off-label, to counter the side effects of stimulant medications such as methylphenidate or amphetamine. It is becoming a more accepted treatment for insomnia, as well as for relief of menopausal symptoms. Clonidine(4205-91-8) is increasingly used in conjunction with stimulants to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Labelled Clonidine. α2-Adrenergic agonist. Antihypertensive; analgesic for neuropathic pain. `a2-adrenoceptor agonist, imidazoline receptor ligand, anti-hypertensive In shaving soaps.
• Therapeutic Function: Antihypertensive
• Clinical Use: Clonidine hydrochloride acts by both peripheral andcentral mechanisms in the body to affect blood pressure. Itstimulates the peripheral α-adrenergic receptors to producevasoconstriction, resulting in a brief period of hypertension.Clonidine hydrochloride acts centrally to inhibitthe sympathetic tone and cause hypotension that is ofmuch longer duration than the initial hypertensive effect.Administration of clonidine hydrochloride thus produces abiphasic change in blood pressure, beginning with a briefhypertensive effect and followed by a hypotensive effectthat persists for about 4 hours. This biphasic response isaltered by dose only. Larger doses produce a greater hypertensiveeffect and delay the onset of the hypotensiveproperties of the drug. Clonidine hydrochloride acts on 2-adrenoreceptors located in the hindbrain to produce itshypotensive action. Clonidine hydrochloride also acts centrallyto cause bradycardia and to reduce plasma levels ofrenin. Sensitization of baroreceptor pathways in the CNSappears to be responsible for the bradycardia transmittedby way of the vagus nerve. The central mechanism that resultsin decreased plasma renin is not known, however.The hypotensive properties of clonidine in animals can beblocked by applying -adrenergic blocking agents directlyto the brain.
• Drug interactions: Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs Antidepressants: tricyclics antagonise hypotensive effect and also increase risk of hypertension on clonidine withdrawal; increased hypotensive effect with MAOIs; hypotensive effect possibly antagonised by mirtazapine. Beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists: increased risk of hypertension on withdrawal. Ciclosporin: may increase ciclosporin levels. Sympathomimetics: possibly increased risk of hypertension with adrenaline and noradrenaline; serious adverse effects reported with methylphenidate.

Technology Process of Clonidine hydrochloride

There total 11 articles about Clonidine hydrochloride which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield: 88.5%

alcoholic hydrochloric acid + 1-acetyl-2-(2,6-dichloro-anilino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole (54707-71-0) → clonidine hydrochloride (4205-91-8,7555-15-9)

Guidance literature:

In methanol; ethanol; water;

Reference yield:

Clonidin (4205-90-7) → clonidine hydrochloride (4205-91-8)

Guidance literature:

With hydrogenchloride; In ethanol; water; for 0.833333h; Time; Reflux;

Reference yield:

2,6-Dichloroaniline (608-31-1) → clonidine hydrochloride (4205-91-8)

Guidance literature:

Multi-step reaction with 4 steps

1: 6.5 h / 100 °C

2: thionyl chloride; sulfuryl dichloride / 22 h / 60 °C

3: ethylenediamine / dichloromethane / 2 h / 5 - 20 °C

4: hydrogenchloride / ethanol; water / 0.83 h / Reflux

With hydrogenchloride; thionyl chloride; sulfuryl dichloride; ethylenediamine; In ethanol; dichloromethane; water;

upstream raw materials:

1-acetylimidazolidin-2-one

2,6-Dichloroaniline

2-oxo-imidazolidine-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

1-phenoxyacetyl-imidazolidin-2-one

Downstream raw materials:

Clonidin

Refernces

• 1、 -. "Process for the manufacture of 2-arylamino-2-imidazoline derivatives and their salts". . . Retrieved 2008/06/13.