Thulium

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Thulium
• CAS No.: 7440-30-4
• Deprecated CAS: 110424-80-1,29687-68-1,69527-01-1,29687-68-1,69527-01-1
• Molecular Formula: Tm
• Molecular Weight: 168.934
• Hs Code.: 28053090
• European Community (EC) Number: 231-140-2
• UNII: 8RKC5ATI4P
• DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID8064692
• Nikkaji Number: J95.283D
• Wikipedia: Thulium
• Wikidata: Q1853
• Mol file: 7440-30-4.mol

Synonyms:Thulium

Chemical Property of Thulium

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: grey powder
• Melting Point: 1545 °C(lit.)
• Boiling Point: 1950 °C(lit.)
• PSA: 0.00000
• Density: 9.332 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
• LogP: 0.00000
• Sensitive.: Air & Moisture Sensitive
• Water Solubility.: slowly reacts with H2O; soluble in dilute acids [HAW93]
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
• Rotatable Bond Count: 0
• Exact Mass: 168.934219
• Heavy Atom Count: 1
• Complexity: 0

Purity/Quality:

99%, ^*data from raw suppliers

Thulium powder (99.9% REO) ^*data from reagent suppliers

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s): F
• Hazard Codes: F,Xi,C
• Statements: 15-17-36/37-34-23/24/25
• Safety Statements: 26-36-43-45-36/37/39-27

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Useful:

• Chemical Classes: Metals -> Rare Earth Metals
• Canonical SMILES: [Tm]
• Recent ClinicalTrials: Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Immunotherapy With gpASIT+? in Patients With Grass Pollen-induced Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis
• Recent NIPH Clinical Trials: Prospective randomized study of the evaluation of the efficacy and the invasiveness in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with transurethral thulium laser surgery and transurethral resection of the prostate
• Physical properties: Thulium is a naturally occurring rare metal that exists is very small amounts mixed withother rare-earths. It is a bright silvery metal that is malleable and ductile and can be cuteasily with a knife. Its melting point is so high that it is difficult to force it into a meltedstate. Its vapor pressure is also high, and thus, much of the molten thulium evaporates intothe atmosphere. Its melting point is 1,545°C, its boiling point is 2,950°C, and its density is9.32g/cm3.
• Uses: Thulium is relatively scarce and expensive, which limits its commercial uses. Thulium-170,which is a radioactive isotope of thulium produced by fission in nuclear reactors, can be usedas small, portable X-ray sources. It also has limited use as an alloy metal with other metals andhas experimentally been used in lasers. (Note: Of all the isotopes of thulium, only thulium-169 is stable and nonradioactive.) Thulium(III) carbonate hydrate has specialized uses in ceramics, glass, phosphors, lasers, and also is the important dopant for fibre amplifiers. Thulium(III) carbonate hydrate has use in ferrites, ceramic magnetic materials that are used in microwave equipment. Ferrites, X-ray source.

Technology Process of Thulium

There total 16 articles about Thulium which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield: 30.0%

LiTm2Cl5 + cesium chloride (15690-63-8,64704-31-0,7647-17-8) + lithium chloride → thulium (14041-47-5,14041-46-4,14333-45-0,15690-75-2,15720-75-9,15832-57-2,7440-30-4,13598-55-5,13981-30-1) + CsTmCl3 + Cs2LiTmCl6

Guidance literature:

In neat (no solvent); strictly dry anaerobic conditions(argon dry box),helium-arc welded tantalum ampoules,sealed under vacuum in silica jackets,heated to 500-800 °C for one week;

DOI:10.1016/0022-5088(88)90086-0

Reference yield:

thulia + aluminium (7429-90-5) → thulium (14041-47-5,14041-46-4,14333-45-0,15690-75-2,15720-75-9,15832-57-2,7440-30-4,13598-55-5,13981-30-1) + aluminum oxide (1333-84-2,1344-28-1)

Guidance literature:

in vac.;

Reference yield:

Tm0.77Te (12166-69-7) → thulium (14041-47-5,14041-46-4,14333-45-0,15690-75-2,15720-75-9,15832-57-2,7440-30-4,13598-55-5,13981-30-1) + tellurium (14683-12-6) + tellurium (10028-16-7) + thulium monotelluride (12166-69-7)

Guidance literature:

Diffusion from Knudsen cell between 1624 and 1798 K.; Kinetics;

DOI:10.1016/0022-5088(89)90217-8

upstream raw materials:

TmBr(C₄₄H₂₈N₄)

lanthanum

aluminium

cerium

Downstream raw materials:

thulium monoantimonide

[TmF(N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)formamidine)(C₄H₈O)]

SbTm, low pressure

Refernces

• 1、 Atanassova. "Effect of the 18-crown-6 and benzo-18-crown-6 on the solvent extraction and separation of lanthanide(III) ions with 8-hydroxyquinoline". . p. 1304 - 1311. Retrieved 2008/10/09.
• 2、 Campbell, Mark L.. "Temperature dependent rate constants for the reactions of gas phase lanthanides with N2O". . p. 562 - 566. Retrieved 2007/10/03.