Multi-step reaction with 10 steps
1: 80 percent / conc. sulphuric acid / 2.5 h / Heating
2: 81 percent / sodium, iron(III) nitrate / liquid ammonia; diethyl ether / 2.5 h / -78 °C
3: 70 percent / 1.) n-butyl-lithium/di-isopropylamine; 2.) HMPA / tetrahydrofuran / 0.25 h / -72 °C
4: 60 percent / sodium hydroxide / aq. ethanol / 18 h / Heating
5: 76 percent / polyphosphoric acid / 24 h / 45 °C
6: 76 percent / sodium hydride / toluene / 3 h / 75 °C
7: 83 percent / phenyltrimethylammonium perbromide / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 °C
8: 76 percent / sodium hydride, 15-crown-5-ether / toluene / Ambient temperature
9: 82 percent / potassium hydroxide, hydrazine hydrate / bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl) ether / 1.) 120 deg C, 2.5 h; 2.) 180 deg C, 7 h
10: 77 percent / potassium hydroxide / aq. ethanol / 8 h / 60 °C
With
N,N,N,N,N,N-hexamethylphosphoric triamide; potassium hydroxide; sodium hydroxide; n-butyllithium; PPA; 15-crown-5; sulfuric acid; sodium; phenyltrimethylammonium tribromide; sodium hydride; hydrazine hydrate; ferric nitrate; diisopropylamine;
In
tetrahydrofuran; diethyl ether; ethanol; ammonia; toluene; diethylene glycol;