10.1007/s11178-008-2011-x
The research investigates the synthesis and structure of 4-trifluoromethylpyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines using cyclocondensation reactions. The purpose of the study is to explore the reaction direction between N-substituted 5-aminopyrazoles and trifluoromethyl-containing 1,3-diketones, and to establish the characteristic spectral distinctions of individual regioisomers. The researchers used various N-substituted 5-aminopyrazoles (Ia–Il) and trifluoromethyl-containing 1,3-diketones (IIa–IIf) as key chemicals. The reactions were performed by melting or boiling in acetic acid, resulting in the formation of 4-trifluoromethyl-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines with over 90% yield. The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The study concluded that the trifluoromethyl group consistently attached to the C4 position of the pyridine ring, regardless of the substituents present. This finding was supported by characteristic chemical shifts in the 13C NMR spectra, which allowed for the unambiguous determination of the regioisomeric structure of the compounds. The research provides valuable insights into the synthesis and structural characterization of these heterocyclic compounds, which have potential applications in pharmacology due to their biological activity.