Potassium Nitrate

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Potassium Nitrate
• CAS No.: 7757-79-1
• Deprecated CAS: 96193-83-8
• Molecular Formula: KNO3
• Molecular Weight: 101.103
• Hs Code.: 2834 21 00
• European Community (EC) Number: 231-818-8
• ICSC Number: 0184
• UN Number: 1486
• UNII: RU45X2JN0Z
• DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID4029692
• Wikipedia: Potassium nitrate,Potassium_nitrate
• Wikidata: Q177836
• NCI Thesaurus Code: C82074
• RXCUI: 34316
• ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL1644029
• Mol file: 7757-79-1.mol

Synonyms:potassium nitrate;potassium nitrate monohydrate;saltpeter;saltpetre

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Chemical Property of Potassium Nitrate

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: White solid
• Vapor Pressure: 49.8mmHg at 25°C
• Melting Point: 334 °C(lit.)
• Boiling Point: 83 °C at 760 mmHg
• Flash Point: 400°C
• PSA: 68.88000
• Density: 2.109 g/cm³
• LogP: 0.28410
• Storage Temp.: Store at RT.
• Sensitive.: Hygroscopic
• Solubility.: H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
• Water Solubility.: 320 g/L (20 ºC)
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
• Rotatable Bond Count: 0
• Exact Mass: 100.95152435
• Heavy Atom Count: 5
• Complexity: 18.8
• Transport DOT Label: Oxidizer

Purity/Quality:

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s): O, Xi, Xn
• Hazard Codes: O,Xi,Xn
• Statements: 8-36/38-36/37/38-22
• Safety Statements: 26-17-36-7-24/25

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Total 1 MSDS from other Authors

Useful:

• Chemical Classes: Nitrogen Compounds -> Nitrates and Nitrites
• Canonical SMILES: [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[K+]
• Recent ClinicalTrials: Matching Perfusion and Metabolic Activity in HFpEF
• Inhalation Risk: Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed.
• Effects of Short Term Exposure: The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Ingestion could cause effects on the blood. This may result in the formation of methaemoglobin. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.
• Description: Potassium nitrate (chemical formula: KNO3) is the nitrate of potassium. It is a crystalline salt and a strong oxidizer which can be specially used in making gunpowder, as a fertilizer, and in medicine. It can be manufactured through the reaction between ammonium nitrate and potassium hydroxide, and alternatively through the reaction between ammonium nitrate with potassium chloride. Potassium nitrate has various applications. Its major applications include: fertilizer, tree stump removal, rocket propellant and fireworks. It can also be used for the nitric acid production. It is also useful for food preservation and food preparation. In pharmacology, it can be used to treat asthma and relieving high blood pressure. Potassium nitrate is a solid, colorless, crystalline ionic compound that exists as the mineral niter.Potassium nitrate is also known as saltpeter. The name saltpeter comes from the Latin sal petrae, meaning salt of stone or salt of Petra. he term saltpeter or Chilean saltpeter is also used for sodium nitrate, NaNO3.
• Uses: Potassium nitrate is used chiefly in the manufacture of gunpowder or other explosives, but is also used for fireworks,for lucifer matches, for curing meat, for manufacture of certain kinds of glass, for flux in metallurgical assays, for some dyeing, and in medicine. In agriculture, potassium nitrate is used as a water-soluble and virtually chloride-free source of nitrate-nitrogen and potassium nutrients. Due to the product's specific characteristics and benefits, target markets are related to high-value crops such as vegetables, fruits and flowers. Furthermore, chloride-sensitive crops, such as potato, strawberry, beans, cabbage, lettuce, peanut, carrot, onion, blackberry tobacco, apricot, grapefruit and avocado, will depend for their quality on the use of chloride-free K sources, such as potassium nitrate. Potassium nitrate is used in a wide variety of applications including glass manufacturing, explosives for mining and civil works, metal treatment, fireworks, and recently, as a means to drastically increase the efficiency of Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plants as described in the following paragraph. Although the most prominent use of saltpeter is for the production of black powder,potassium nitrate is also used as fertilizer. In the first half of the 17th century, JohannRudolf Glauber (1604–1668) obtained saltpeter from animal pens and discovered its useto promote plant growth. Glauber included saltpeter with other nutrients in fertilizer mixtures. Glauber’s work was one of the first to indicate the importance of nutrient cyclingin plant nutrition. Potassium Nitrate is a preservative and color fixative in meats which exists as colorless prisms or white granules or powder. it has a solubility of 1 g in 3 ml of water at 25°c. see nitrate. This natural substance is the product of the decomposition of lime and urine. The white granules or powder are soluble in water 1:3 but insoluble in alcohol. Potassium nitrate, also called saltpeter or nitre, was combined with sulfuric acid to nitrate cotton for the manufacture of collodion. It was also used with magnesium to make flash powder and added to ferrous sulfate developers to produced cool white tones in collodion positives. In fireworks, fluxes, pickling meats; production of nitric acid; manufacture of glass, matches, gunpowder; freezing mixtures. Agricultural fertilizer. Preservative in foods. In dentrifices to reduce tooth hypersensitivity.
• Physical properties: Colorless transparent crystals or white granular or crystalline powder;rhombohedral structure; density 2.11 g/cm3at 20°C; melts at 334°C; decomposes at 400°C evolving oxygen; soluble in cold water, 13.3 g/100mL at 0°C;highly soluble in boiling water, 247 g/100mL at 100°C; lowers the temperature of water on dissolution; very slightly soluble in ethanol; soluble in glycerol and liquid ammonia.

Technology Process of Potassium Nitrate

There total 3 articles about Potassium Nitrate which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield:

nitric acid (7697-37-2,78989-43-2) + potassium hydroxide → potassium nitrate (7757-79-1)

Guidance literature:

With Tergitol NP-4; In water; neutralizing HNO3 with KOH into micellar soln. based on Tergitol NP-4; treatment with acetone, pptn., washing with acetone and then 3 times with heptane, drying in air;

DOI:10.1134/S003602361206006X

Reference yield:

cerous potassium nitrate → cerium(IV) oxide + potassium nitrate (7757-79-1)

Guidance literature:

In neat (no solvent); byproducts: NO, NO2, O2; thermal decompn. (180-270°C); monitored by thermogravimetric anal. and X-ray powder diffraction;

DOI:10.1006/jssc.1995.1136

Reference yield:

Ce(4+)*2K(1+)*6NO3(1-)=CeK2(NO3)6 → cerium(IV) oxide + cerous potassium nitrate + potassium nitrate (7757-79-1)

Guidance literature:

In neat (no solvent); byproducts: NO, NO2, O2; thermal decompn. (115-180°C, nitrogen atmosphere); monitored by thermogravimetric anal. and X-ray powder thermodiffraction;

DOI:10.1006/jssc.1995.1136

upstream raw materials:

nitric acid

Downstream raw materials:

potassium nitrite

Refernces

• 1、 Bulavchenko,Demidova,Podlipskaya,Tatarchuk,Druzhinina,Alekseev,Logvinenko,Drebushchak. "Microemulstion synthesis of powders of water-soluble energy-saturated salts". . p. 769 - 776. Retrieved 2012.