Refernces
10.1002/ejoc.201900608
This study investigated the C-H borylation of indolazines, a class of heterocyclic compounds with important applications in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. This study aimed to explore and compare C-H borylation and directed metalation as complementary approaches for the synthesis of substituted indolazines that can be functionalized on both the pyridine and pyrrole rings. The researchers successfully applied iridium triboryl complexes to achieve C-H borylation of indolazines to generate arylated derivatives via in situ Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. Directed metalation using lithium and magnesium amides also gave rise to functionalized indolazines with regioselectivity depending on the base and electrophile used. The study concluded that both strategies enabled selective access to a variety of substituted indolazines and their applicability for the synthesis of bioactive molecules is under further investigation. The key chemicals used in the process include iridium catalyst, B2Pin2 as a boron source, various indolizine substrates, and electrophiles for cross-coupling reactions.
10.1021/jacs.6b12896
The research describes a highly diastereoselective carbon-carbon bond forming reaction involving the tandem coupling of benzyltriboronates, enoates, and alkyl halides. The study was enabled by the discovery of α-diimine nickel catalysts that promote the chemoselective triborylation of benzylic C(sp3)–H bonds using B2Pin2 (Pin = pinacolate). The C-H functionalization method is effective with methylarenes and for the diborylation of secondary benzylic C-H bonds, providing direct access to polyboron building blocks from readily available hydrocarbons. The combination of the benzylic perborylation and conjugate addition-alkylation methods enables a one-pot procedure in which multiple simple precursors are combined to generate diastereopure products containing quaternary stereocenters. Key chemicals involved in the research include benzyltriboronates, enoates, alkyl halides, α-diimine nickel catalysts, and B2Pin2.
10.1021/ja800829y
The study explores a novel method for synthesizing enantioenriched R-amino boronic acids, which are crucial for inhibiting serine proteases and have applications in treating diseases like multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. The researchers, Melissa A. Beenen, Chihui An, and Jonathan A. Ellman, developed a direct and highly diastereoselective copper-catalyzed addition of bis(pinacolato)diboron to N-tert-butanesulfonyl aldimines at ambient temperature. This method overcomes limitations of previous approaches, such as Matteson's protocol, which relied on less accessible alkyl boronic acids. The study demonstrates the versatility of the synthesized N-sulfonyl R-amino boronate esters by efficiently synthesizing bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor approved for cancer treatment. The copper catalyst ((1,3-dicyclohexylimidazol-2-ylidene)copper(I) tert-butoxide) and bis(pinacolato)diboron play key roles in achieving high yields and diastereoselectivities, making this method a practical and cost-effective route for producing R-amino boronic acid derivatives.
10.1039/c3cc43357a
The study investigates a novel method for the functionalization of quinones using a copper-mediated process to introduce trifluoromethyl groups. Quinones, which are crucial in biological processes and drug discovery, are reacted with a hypervalent iodine reagent (such as 1a) in the presence of copper salts (like CuCN) and bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2pin2) to achieve selective C–H trifluoromethylation. The study explores the optimization of reaction conditions, finding that stoichiometric amounts of CuCN and the presence of B2pin2 significantly enhance the reaction's yield and reproducibility. Various quinones, including naphtho, alkyl, chloro, and methoxy derivatives, are tested, demonstrating the broad synthetic scope of the method. The findings suggest that this copper-mediated trifluoromethylation offers a simplified, redox-neutral route to synthesize trifluoromethylated quinones, which have potential applications in drug development and as oxidants/ligands in transition metal catalysis.
10.1038/nchem.801
The research focuses on the direct enantio-convergent transformation of racemic substrates into a single enantiomer of a product without the need for racemization or symmetrization processes. The main experiment involves the copper(I)-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution of racemic allylic ethers, using bis(pinacolato)diboron as the nucleophile, and a chiral phosphine ligand, resulting in the formation of an α-chiral allylboronate with high enantioselectivity (up to 98% enantiomeric excess). The reaction demonstrates that one enantiomer of the substrate reacts via an anti-SN2′ pathway, while the other enantiomer reacts through a syn-SN2′ pathway, both leading to the same enantiomer of the product. The products, which are difficult to prepare by dynamic procedures, are used to construct all-carbon quaternary stereocenters. The analyses used to determine the success of the reaction include high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for enantiomeric excess determination and 1H NMR for yield estimation and starting material recovery.
10.1021/ja0173019
The study focuses on the mild iridium-catalyzed borylation of arenes, which is a method for the direct functionalization of inert hydrocarbons into organoboron compounds, valuable for organic synthesis. The researchers used iridium(I) precursors combined with 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) ligands to catalyze the borylation of arenes by bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2pin2), leading to the formation of pinacol arylboronate esters under mild conditions, including room temperature. Key chemicals involved in the study include iridium complexes, bpy ligands, B2pin2, and various arenes. The purpose of these chemicals was to facilitate a reaction that could convert abundant, inert hydrocarbons into more reactive and useful functionalized compounds, specifically arylboronates, which are important intermediates in organic synthesis. The study also aimed to isolate and characterize potential intermediates in the borylation process, which were found to be Ir(III) tris-boryl complexes.
10.1039/c7cc02420g
The research focuses on the development of a convenient and clean synthetic method for borasiloxanes, which are valuable chemicals in materials chemistry due to their excellent heat resistance and unique properties applicable to various fields such as chemical sensors, electrolyte additives, and ceramic precursors. The study introduces a Pd-catalyzed selective Si-O-B bond-forming reaction through dehydrogenative O-borylation of a variety of silanols with easily available diborons, such as bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2pin2), bis(neopentyl glycolato)diboron (B2neop2), bis(hexylene glycolato)diboron (B2hexyl2), and bis(catecholato)diboron (B2cat2). The process is efficient, takes place under mild conditions, and generates only hydrogen gas as a byproduct, making it environmentally friendly. The successful use of diborons with Pd catalysts for borasiloxane synthesis is a unique point compared to previously reported methods, and the high activity of the commonly-used air-stable Pd acetate catalyst makes this method potentially applicable for modifying silanol group-containing materials like silicone polymers to improve their physical properties or add new chemical properties based on boron moieties. The study concludes that this new simple method for the preparation of Si-O-B compounds using readily available silanols and diboron reagents could have significant practical applications.