10098-38-1Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Exploring the scope of an α/β-aminomutase for the amination of cinnamate epoxides to arylserines and arylisoserines
Shee, Prakash K.,Ratnayake, Nishanka Dilini,Walter, Tyler,Goethe, Olivia,Onyeozili, Edith Ndubuaku,Walker, Kevin D.
, p. 7418 - 7430 (2019/08/20)
Biocatalytic process-development continues to advance toward discovering alternative transformation reactions to synthesize fine chemicals. Here, a 5-methylidene-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one (MIO)-dependent phenylalanine aminomutase from Taxus canadensis (TcPAM) was repurposed to irreversibly biocatalyze an intermolecular amine transfer reaction that converted ring-substituted trans-cinnamate epoxide racemates to their corresponding arylserines. From among 12 substrates, the aminomutase ring-opened 3′-Cl-cinnamate epoxide to 3′-Cl-phenylserine 140 times faster than it opened the 4′-Cl-isomer, which was turned over slowest among all epoxides tested. GC/MS analysis of chiral auxiliary derivatives of the biocatalyzed phenylserine analogues showed that the TcPAM-transamination reaction opened the epoxides enantio- A nd diastereoselectively. Each product mixture contained (2S)+(2R)-anti (erythro) and (2S)+(2R)-syn (threo) pairs with the anti-isomers predominating (-90:10 dr). Integrating the vicinal proton signals in the 1H NMR spectrum of the enzyme-catalyzed phenylserines and calculating the chemical shift difference (?"?) between the anti and syn proton signals confirmed the diastereomeric ratios and relative stereochemistries. Application of a (2S)-threonine aldolase from E. coli further established the absolute stereochemistry of the chiral derivatives of the diastereomeric enzymatically derived products. The 2R:2S ratio for the biocatalyzed anti-isomers was highest (88:12) for 3′-NO2-phenylserine and lowest (66:34) for 4′-F-phenylserine. This showed that the stereospecificity of TcPAM is in part directed by the substituent-type on the cinnamate epoxide analogue. The catalyst also converted each cinnamate epoxide analogue to its corresponding isoserine, highlighting a biocatalytic route to arylisoserines, which play a key role in building the pharmacophore seen in anticancer and protease inhibitor drugs.
Synthesis of all stereoisomers and some congeners of isocytoxazone
Hamer?ak, Zdenko,?epac, Dragan,?iher, Dinko,?unji?, Vitomir
, p. 375 - 382 (2007/10/03)
cis-Isocytoxazone 2a and trans-isocytoxazone 2b, structural isomers of the antiasthmatic agent cytoxazone (-)-1, and their 5-substituted congeners 23-28 have been prepared. Aldol reaction of para-substituted benzaldehydes with 7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one, followed by separation of diastereomeric racemates afforded 3-10. Acid-catalyzed 1,4-benzodiazepine ring opening, and transformation of the methyl esters of β-aryl-β-hydroxy-α-amino acids (11-16) via 4-methoxycarbonyl derivatives of 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one (17-22) and their reduction afforded the target oxazolidin-2-one derivatives 23-28. Racemic isocytoxazones 2a and 2b were prepared by an independent route starting from 4-methoxystyrene epoxide. Pure enantiomers of these diastereomeric racemates were separated by HPLC chromatography on chiral stationary phases. Their CD spectra, along with those of previously prepared enantiomers of cis-cytoxazone 1a and trans-cytoxazone 1b are discussed.
Neighbouring group effects promote substitution reactions over elimination and provide a stereocontrolled route to chloramphenicol
Easton, Christopher J.,Hutton, Craig A.,Merrett, Martin C.,Tiekink, Edward R. T.
, p. 7025 - 7036 (2007/10/03)
In reactions of β-brominated valine and p-nitrophenylalanine derivatives to give β-hydroxy amino acid derivatives the carboxyl group, when protected as an amide, exerts a neighbouring group effect to facilitate the substitution process, and reduce competing elimination reactions. As a consequence of the effect, the (2R,3R)- and (2R,3S)-stereoisomers of 3-bromo-N-tert-butyl-N(α)-phthaloyl-p-nitrophenylalaninamide both react to give (2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-N-tert-butyl-N(α)-phthaloyl-p-nitrophenylalaninamid e, providing a stereoconvergent route to chloramphenicol.
Preparation of (2R,3S)-β-hydroxy-α-amino acids by use of novel Streptomyces aldolase as a resolving agent for racemic material
Herbert, Richard B.,Wilkinson, Barrie,Ellames, George J.
, p. 114 - 117 (2007/10/02)
A unique aldolase, which was isolated from Streptomyces amakusaensis, is used to catalyse a reverse aldol reaction on representative racemic β-hydroxy-α-amino acids (3-6) to give samples of the (2R,3S)-(D-threo)-enantiomers with excellent enantiomeric purity.
SOLID-LIQUID PHASE TRANSFER CATALYTIC SYNTHESIS OF α-AMINO ACID VIA ALKYLATION AND NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION OF BENZALDEHYDE IMINES
Yaozhong, Jiang,Changyou, Zhou,Shengde, Wu,Daimo, Chen,Youan, Ma,Guilan, Liu
, p. 5343 - 5354 (2007/10/02)
A short, mild and efficient synthetic route of α-amino acid via alkylation, Michael addition and carbonyl addition as well as cycloaddition of aldimines derived from glycine and alanine esters with benzaldehyde under solid-liquid phase transfer catalytic condition has been studied.The key to solid-liquid phase transfer catalyzed reactions is the selection of a base for the various reactants.The yield is dependent on the base used.The results obtained using KOH, K2CO3 and Na2CO3 are discussed.The kinetics of solid-liquid PTC benzylation has been investigated and we propose a possible mechanism of solid-liquid PTC as an interface auto-catalytic procedure.The details of some syntheses of α-amino acids are presented.
SOLID-LIQUID PHASE TRANSFER CATALYTIC SYNTHESIS (V) MICHAEL ADDITION, CARBONYL ADDITION REACTIONS OF THE ALDIMINES
Shengde, Wu,Changyou, Zhou,Yaozhong, Jiang
, p. 1479 - 1484 (2007/10/02)
Nucleophilic addition of aldimines to the active methylene compounds and aldehyde compounds can be performed in solid-liquid PTC conditions.The reactions are synthetically useful in preparing α-amino acids.
