104-07-4Relevant articles and documents
Esterifications of carboxylic acids and alcohols catalyzed by Al 2(SO4)3 · 18H2O under solvent-free condition
Gang, Li,Wenhui, Pang
experimental part, p. 559 - 565 (2011/01/07)
Esterifications of equimolar mixture of carboxylic acids and alcohols can be effectively catalyzed by Al2(SO4)3 · 18H2O under solvent-free condition. The esterification catalyzed by Al2(SO4)3 · 18H2O is a promising green method thanks to no need of organic solvent, no pollution, no causticity and ease to handle after reaction. This catalyst is of a low toxicity (usually it is used as purifying agent for drinking water), low-cost compound and is easily separated from the reaction mixture by simple filtration. Moreover, the catalyst can be recycled for the further esterification and the conversion does not evidently decrease.
The synthesis of esters under microwave irradiation using dry-media conditions
Loupy, Andre,Petit, Alain,Ramdani, Mohamed,Yvanaeff, Celine,Majdoub, Mustapha,et al.
, p. 90 - 95 (2007/10/02)
Practical and simple techniques are described for using nonmodified domestic microwave ovens as safe and convenient laboratory devices to obtain numerous esters.High pressures are avoided by conducting reactions with reactants impregnated on solid mineral supports in "dry media" or by phase transfer catalysis (PTC) in the absence of organic solvents.Two kinds of microwave effects are involved: (1) displacement of the equilibrium by evaporation of volatile polar molecules (water or alcohols) in esterfications and transesterfications; (2) acceleration of ionic reactions in carboxylate alkylations.As solvents are avoided, there is no need for sealed vessels and water separators.
