105564-12-3Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Homogeneous catalysis with methane. A strategy for the hydromethylation of olefins based on the nondegenerate exchange of alkyl groups and σ-bond metathesis at scandium
Sadow, Aaron D.,Tilley, T. Don
, p. 7971 - 7977 (2007/10/03)
The scandium alkyl Cp*2ScCH2CMe3 (2) was synthesized by the addition of a pentane solution of LiCH2CMe3 to Cp*2ScCl at low temperature. Compound 2 reacts with the C-H bonds of hydrocarbons including methane, benzene, and cyclopropane to yield the corresponding hydrocarbyl complex and CMe4. Kinetic studies revealed that the metalation of methane proceeds exclusively via a second-order pathway described by the rate law: rate = k[2][CH4] (k = 4.1(3) × 10-4 M-1s-1 at 26 °C). The primary inter- and intramolecular kinetic isotope effects (kH/kD = 10.2 (CH4 vs CD4) and kH/kD = 5.2(1) (CH2D2), respectively) are consistent with a linear transfer of hydrogen from methane to the neopentyl ligand in the transition state. Activation parameters indicate that the transformation involves a highly ordered transition state (ΔS? = -36(1) eu) and a modest enthalpic barrier (ΔH? = 11.4(1) kcal/mol). High selectivity toward methane activation suggested the participation of this chemistry in a catalytic hydromethylation, which was observed in the slow, Cp*2ScMe-catalyzed addition of methane across the double bond of propene to form isobutane.
