106356-06-3

Upstream product

• 991-90-2 3',4'-didehydro-β,β-caroten-4-one 
• 514-78-3 canthaxanthin 
• 29065-03-0 isozeaxanthin 
• 25394-27-8 isocryptoxanthin 
• 4441-44-5 3',4'-didehydro-β,β-caroten-4-ol 
• 7235-40-7 beta-carotene 

Downstream Products

• 54897-06-2 (+/-)-4'-ethoxy-β,β-caroten-4-one 
• 29065-03-0 isozeaxanthin 
• 846539-06-8 4'-acetylthio-β,β-carotene 
• 514-78-3 canthaxanthin 
• 128260-91-3 4,4'-diacetylthio-β,β-carotene 
• 1374137-45-7 C₄₅H₅₈O₃ 
• 1037306-30-1 C₆₄H₈₆O₅ 
• 1037306-27-6 4'-hydroxyechinenone succinate 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Dicarotenoid esters of bivalent acids

For the evaluation of the synthesis of dendritic esters from carotenoids the C20 apocarotenoid retinol was chosen for model studies, being a commercially available hydroxy carotenoid. Dimers were synthesized from retinol with dicarboxyl cores and from retinol succinate with other hydroxy carotenoids.

Nucleophilic reactions of charge delocalised carotenoid mono- and dications

In the present study insight was gained on the larger complexity of cationic mixtures of diaryl (φ,φcarotene, isorenieratene) and aliphatic (Φ,Φ-carotene, lycopene) carotenes, prepared by reaction with BF 3-etherate, compared with β,β-carotene. Chemical reactions of the mono- and dications prepared in situ from the allylic carotenols β,β-caroten-4-ol (isocryptoxanthin) and β,β-carotene-4,4'- diol (isozeaxanthin), and from isorenieratene and lycopene were investigated using selected O, N and S nucleophiles; water, methanol, azide and thioacetate. In total 22, including 18 new, neutral carotenoid products were isolated and identified by VIS, MS and NMR (in part) spectroscopy. Their structures were compatible with the structures of the cationic intermediates. The formal addition of hydride to the various dications, required to rationalise minor reaction products, is discussed in terms of more likely hydrogen radical or proton transfer in cationic reactions. Extensive E/Z isomerisation was observed for all quenching products. The potential use of carotenoid cations for the synthesis of 4,(4')-substituted β,β-carotenes and 7-oxabicycloheptane derivatives is discussed.

Selective hydrogenation of carotenones II.? Reduction of rhodoxanthin to lutein and zeaxanthin, and of canthaxanthin to a dihydro-retro-carotenediol by tellurium hydride

Racemic lutein and racemic zeaxanthin have been prepared from rhodoxanthin by reduction with tellurium hydride. Similarly, canthaxanthin was transformed into a retro-carotenediol. Acta Chemica Scandinivica 1996.