116347-86-5

Upstream product

• 63064-48-2 allyl 2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside 
• 10378-06-0 2-methyl-(3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-1,2-dideoxy-α-D-glucopyranoso)[1,2-d]-2-oxazoline 
• 7512-17-6 N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine 
• 107-18-6 allyl alcohol 
• 20907-32-8 sodium allyloxide 
• 3068-34-6 Acetic acid (2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-3-acetoxy-2-acetoxymethyl-5-acetylamino-6-chloro-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl ester 
• 106-95-6 allyl bromide 
• 117177-19-2 2-methyl-(1,2-dideoxy-5,6-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucofurano)-<2,1-d>-2-oxazoline 
• 3006-60-8 2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-D-glucopyranosyl acetate 
• 3006-60-8 Acetic acid (2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2,5-diacetoxy-6-acetoxymethyl-3-acetylamino-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl ester 
• 10036-64-3 N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 
• 1040191-33-0 N'-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-p-toluenesulfono-hydrazide 
• 7512-17-6 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose 
• 107-05-1 3-chloroprop-1-ene 

Downstream Products

• 65947-37-7 allyl 2-deoxy-2-acetamido-4,6-O-benzylidene-β-D-glucopyranoside 
• 131204-03-0 allyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4,6-O-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-β-D-glucopyranoside 
• 84730-33-6 allyl 2-acetamido-3,4-di-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-6-O-trityl-β-D-glucopyranoside 
• 50827-17-3 2-propenyl 2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside 
• 131204-03-0 allyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4,6-O-p-methoxybenzylidene-β-D-glucopyranoside 
• 70834-40-1 allyl 2-acetamido-3,6-di-O-benzoyl-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside 
• 144002-27-7 allyl 6-O-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)-D-galactopyranosyl-β-(1,4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-6-O-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside 
• 144002-28-8 C₆₅H₈₃NO₁₁Si₃ 
• 153658-80-1 Allyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-6-O-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside 
• 63064-49-3 allyl 2-acetamido-(R)-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside 
• 70832-36-9 propyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside 
• 63064-48-2 allyl 2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside 
• 137105-29-4 allyl 2-acetylamino-4-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside 
• 527687-45-2 allyl 4,6-O-p-methoxybenzylidene-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-> 3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4,6-di-O-pivaloyl-β-D-galactopyranoside 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Design of N-acetyl-6-sulfo-β-D-glucosaminide-based inhibitors of influenza virus sialidase

Biological activity of N-acetyl-6-sulfo-β-D-glucosaminides (6-sulfo-GlcNAc 1) having a structural homology to N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac 2) and 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac2en 3) was examined in terms of inhibitory activity against influenza virus sialidase (influenza, A/Memphis/1/71 H3N2). pNP 6-Sulfo-GlcNAc 1a was proved to show substantial activity to inhibit the virus sialidase (IC50=2.8 mM), though p-nitrophenyl (pNP) GlcNAc without 6-sulfo group and pNP 6-sulfo-GlcNH3+ 1b without 2-NHAc showed little activity (IC50 >50 mM). The activity was enhanced nearly 100-fold when the pNP group of 1a was converted to p-acetamidophenyl one 5 (IC50=30 μM) or replaced with 1-naphthyl 6 (IC50=10 μM) or n-propyl one 8 (IC50=11 μM).

Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of allyl penta-N-acetyl-chitopentaose

Cell density cultivation of recombinant Escherichia coli strains harboring the nodC gene (encoding chitooligosaccharide synthase) from Azorhizobium caulinodans has been previously described as a practical method for the preparation of gram-scale quantities of penta-N-acetyl-chitopentaose. We have now extended this method to the production of allylated derivative of penta-N-acetyl-chitopentaose by using allyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d- glucopyranoside (2) as the initial acceptor for the synthesis of target pentaoside in vivo.

Degradation of Derivatives of N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine by Rhodococcus rhodochrous IFO 15564: Substrate Specificity and Its Application to the Synthesis of Allyl α-N-Acetyl-D-glucosaminide

The substrate specificity was studied for the metabolic degradation of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GIcNAc) derivatives by Rhodococcus rhodochrous IFO 15564 which possesses N-acetyl-D-glucosamine deacetylase as a key-step enzyme. This microorganism degraded a wide range of substrates with modified N-acyl groups. The metabolizing activity of this strain became low to the substrates substituted at 1,3,4,6-positions of GlcNAc, and GlcNAc itself was suggested to be metabolized via an open-chain aldehyde form. Based on these results, a simplified procedure for the isolation of allyl α-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminide from an α, β-anomeric mixture was developed by selectively hydrolyzing the β-anomer with Jackbean β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase and subsequently degrading the resulting N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the reaction mixture with this microorganism.

Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of 1,4-oxazepanyl sugar as potent inhibitor of chitinase

N-Acetyl glucosamine 1 is selectively converted into 2 without protection of the other hydroxyl groups by allylation of the anomeric alkoxide in N,N-dimethylformamide containing lithium bromide. We use cell density cultures to produce the allylated derivative of penta-N-acetyl-chitopentaose by using 2 as the initial acceptor for the synthesis of 3 in vivo. Upon periodate oxidation, 3 is transferred to 4. Compound 4 is quickly subjected to sodium borohydride reduction and NH3 amination, which afforded the target compound 5. In 5-binding chitinase assay, it indicates that the chitinase is obviously inactivated by 5 with IC50 = 4.7 μmol/L.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel mono- and bivalent ASGP-R-targeted drug-conjugates

Asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) is a promising biological target for drug delivery into hepatoma cells. Nevertheless, there are only few examples of small-molecule conjugates of ASGP-R selective ligand equipped by a therapeutic agent for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present work, we describe a convenient and versatile synthetic approach to novel mono- and multivalent drug-conjugates containing N-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-aminogalactopyranose and anticancer drug – paclitaxel (PTX). Several molecules have demonstrated high affinity towards ASGP-R and good stability under physiological conditions, significant in vitro anticancer activity comparable to PTX, as well as good internalization via ASGP-R-mediated endocytosis. Therefore, the conjugates with the highest potency can be regarded as a promising therapeutic option against HCC.

Glycosyl Aldehydes: New Scaffolds for the Synthesis of Neoglycoconjugates via Bioorthogonal Oxime Bond Formation

The straightforward preparation of glycosyl neoconjugates by oxime (or hydrazone) bond formation represents a key bioorthogonal tool in chemical biology. However, when this strategy is employed by reacting the reducing end of the glycan moiety, the configuration and the stereochemical information is lost due to partial (or complete) opening of the glycan cyclic hemiacetal and the formation of the corresponding opened tautomers. We have completed the synthesis of a library of glycosyl aldehydes to be used as scaffold for the synthesis of neoglycoconjugates via oxime bond formation. These glycosyl aldehydes constitute a simple and accessible alternative to avoid loss of chiral information when conjugating, by oxime (or hydrazone) bonds, the aldehyde functionality present at the reducing end of natural carbohydrates.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel doxorubicin-containing ASGP-R-targeted drug-conjugates

Asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) belongs to a wide family of C-type lectins and it is currently regarded as an attractive protein in the field of targeted drug delivery (TDD). It is abundantly expressed in hepatocytes and can be found predominantly on the sinusoidal surface especially of HepG2 cells. Therefore, ASGP-R can be used for the TDD of anticancer therapeutics against HCC and molecular diagnostic tools. To date, a variety of mono- and multivalent selective ASGP-R ligands have been discovered. Although many of these compounds have demonstrated a relatively high binding affinity towards the target, the reported synthetic schemes are not handled, complicated and include many non-trivial steps. In the current study, we describe a convenient and versatile synthetic approach to novel monovalent drug-conjugates containing N-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-aminogalactopyranose fragment as an ASGP-R-recognition “core-head” and well-known nonselective cytostatic – Doxorubicin (Dox). This is the first example of the direct conjugation of a drug molecule to the ASGP-targeted warhead by a really convenient manner via a simple linker sequence. The performed MTS-based biological evaluation in HepG2 cells revealed the novel conjugates as having anticancer activity. Confocal microscopy showed that the molecules readily penetrated HepG2 membrane and were mainly localized within the cytoplasm instead of the nucleus. Per contra, Dox under the same conditions demonstrated good anticancer activity and was predominantly concentrated in the nucleus. Therefore, we speculate that the amide “trigger” that we have used in this study for linker attachment is a sufficiently stable inside the cells to be enzymatically or spontaneously degraded. As a consequence, we did not observe the release of the drug. Ligands containing triggers that are more liable towards endogenous hydrolysis within the tissue of targeting are strongly required.

Why Is Direct Glycosylation with N-Acetylglucosamine Donors Such a Poor Reaction and What Can Be Done about It?

The monosaccharide N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) is an abundant building block in naturally occurring oligosaccharides, but its incorporation by chemical glycosylation is challenging since direct reactions are low yielding. This issue, generally agreed upon to be caused by an intermediate 1,2-oxazoline, is often bypassed by introducing extra synthetic steps to avoid the presence of the NHAc functional group during glycosylation. The present paper describes new fundamental mechanistic insights into the inherent challenges of performing direct glycosylation with GlcNAc. These results show that controlling the balance of oxazoline formation and glycosylation is key to achieving acceptable chemical yields. By applying this line of reasoning to direct glycosylation with a traditional thioglycoside donor of GlcNAc, which otherwise affords poor glycosylation yields, one may obtain useful glycosylation results.

Exploring the Structural Space of the Galectin-1–Ligand Interaction

Galectin-1 is a tumor-associated protein recognizing the Galβ1-4GlcNAc motif of cell-surface glycoconjugates. Herein, we report the stepwise expansion of a multifunctional natural scaffold based on N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc). We obtained a LacNAc mimeti

Structurally diverse disaccharide analogs of antifreeze glycoproteins and their ability to inhibit ice recrystallization

The β-D-galactosyl-(1,3)-α-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine disaccharide is present in antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs). Analogs of this disaccharide including the β-linked (1,3)-, (1,4)-, and (1,6)-galactosyl-N-acetyl galactosamine and the β-(1,3)-galactosyl-galactoside were synthesized and evaluated for ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) activity. The results from this study demonstrate that the b-linked-(1,4) disaccharide exhibits more potent IRI activity than the native b-linked-(1,3) disaccharide. The C2 N-acetyl group of the disaccharide does not affect IRI activity but in monosaccharides, the presence of the C2 N-acetyl group decreases IRI activity. The current study will facilitate the design of potent small-molecule ice recrystallization inhibitors.