118923-23-2Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Assembly of Primary (Hetero)Arylamines via CuI/Oxalic Diamide-Catalyzed Coupling of Aryl Chlorides and Ammonia
Fan, Mengyang,Zhou, Wei,Jiang, Yongwen,Ma, Dawei
supporting information, p. 5934 - 5937 (2015/12/11)
A general and practical catalytic system for aryl amination of aryl chlorides with aqueous or gaseous ammonia has been developed, with CuI as the catalyst and bisaryl oxalic diamides as the ligands. The reaction proceeds at 105-120°C to provide a diverse set of primary (hetero)aryl amines in high yields with various functional groups.
Room-temperature Negishi cross-coupling of unactivated alkyl bromides with alkyl organozinc reagents utilizing a Pd/N-heterocyclic carbene catalyst
Hadei, Niloufar,Kantchev, Eric Assen B.,O'Brien, Christopher J.,Organ, Michael G.
, p. 8503 - 8507 (2007/10/03)
A high-yielding cross-coupling reaction of unactivated alkyl bromides possessing β-hydrogens with alkylzinc halides utilizing a Pd/N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyst at room temperature is described. A variety of Pd sources, Pd2(dba)3, Pd(OAc)2, or PdBr 2, with the commercially available ligand precursor 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolium chloride (IPr·HCl) successfully coupled 1-bromo-3-phenylpropane with n-butylzinc bromide in THF/NMP. An investigation of different NHC precursors showed that the bulky 2,6-diisopropylphenyl moiety was necessary to achieve high coupling yields (75-85%). The corresponding ethyl analogue was moderately active (11%). A range of unsymmetrical NHC precursors were prepared and evaluated. The ligand precursor containing one 2,6-diisopropylphenyl and one 2,6-diethylphenyl afforded the coupling product in 47% yield, clearly suggesting a direct relationship between the steric topography created by the flanking N-substituents and catalyst activity. Under optimal conditions, a number of alkyl bromides and alkylzinc halides possessing common functional groups (amide, nitrile, ester, acetal, and alkyne) were effectively coupled (61-92%). It is noteworthy that β-substituted alkyl bromides and alkylzinc halides successfully underwent cross-coupling. Also, under these conditions alkyl chlorides were unaffected.
