120391-67-5Relevant articles and documents
Allyl 4-Chlorophenyl Sulfone as a Versatile 1,1-Synthon for Sequential α-Alkylation/Cobalt-Catalyzed Allylic Substitution
Kojima, Masahiro,Matsunaga, Shigeki
, p. 1934 - 1946 (2020/07/03)
Despite their unique potential as rare 1,1-dipole synthons, allyl sulfones are rarely used in target-oriented syntheses, likely due to the lack of a general catalytic method for their branch-selective allylic substitution. Herein, we identified allyl 4-chlorophenyl sulfone as a versatile linchpin for both base-mediated α-derivatization and subsequent cobalt-catalyzed allylic substitution. The sequential transformations allow for highly regioselective access to branched allylic substitution products with a variety of aliphatic side chains. The photoredox-enabled cobalt catalysis is indispensable for achieving high yields and regioselectivity for the desulfonylative substitution in contrast to traditional metal-catalyzed protocols, which lead to inferior outcomes in the corresponding transformations.
Design and synthesis of phenethyl benzo[1,4]oxazine-3-ones as potent inhibitors of PI3Kinaseγ
Lanni Jr., Thomas B.,Greene, Keri L.,Kolz, Christine N.,Para, Kimberly S.,Visnick, Melean,Mobley, James L.,Dudley, David T.,Baginski, Theodore J.,Liimatta, Marya B.
, p. 756 - 760 (2007/10/03)
The Type 1 PI3Kinases comprise a family of enzymes, which primarily phosphorylate PIP2 to give the second messenger PIP3, a key player in many intracellular signaling processes [Science, 2002, 296, 1655; Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 2003, 24, 366]. Of the four type 1 PI3Ks, the γ-isoform, which is expressed almost exclusively in leukocytes [Curr. Biol., 1997, 7, R470], is of particular interest with respect to its role in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [Mol. Med. Today, 2000, 6, 347]. Investigation of a series of 4,6-disubstituted-4H-benzo[1,4]oxazin-3-ones has led to the identification of single-digit nanomolar inhibitors of PI3Kγ, several of which had good cell based activity and were shown to be active in vivo in an aspectic peritonitis model of inflammatory cell migration.
2-substituted (2SR)-2-amino-2-((1SR,2SR)-2-carboxycycloprop-1- yl)glycines as potent and selective antagonists of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors. 2. Effects of aromatic substitution, pharmacological characterization, and bioavailability
Ornstein, Paul L.,Bleisch, Thomas J.,Arnold, M. Brian,Kennedy, Joseph H.,Wright, Rebecca A.,Johnson, Bryan G.,Tizzano, Joseph P.,Helton, David R.,Kallman, Mary Jeanne,Schoepp, Darryle D.,Hérin, Marc
, p. 358 - 378 (2007/10/03)
In this paper we describe the synthesis of a series of α-substituted analogues of the potent and selective group II metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist (1S,1'S,2'S)-carboxycyclopropylglycine (2, L-CCG 1). Incorporation of a substituent on the amino acid carbon converted the agonist 2 into an antagonist. All of the compounds were prepared and tested as a series of four isomers, i.e., two racemic diastereomers. On the basis of the improvement in affinity realized for the α-phenylethyl analogue 3, in this paper we explored the effects of substitution on the aromatic ring as a strategy to increase the affinity of these compounds for group II mGluRs. Affinity for group II mGluRs was measured using [3H]glutamic acid (Glu) binding in rat forebrain membranes. Antagonist activity was confirmed for these compounds by measuring their ability to antagonize (1S,3R)-1- aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid-induced inhibition of forskolin stimulated cyclic-AMP in RGT cells transfected with human mGluR2 and mGluR3. Meta substitution on the aromatic ring of 3 with a variety of substituents, both electron donating (e.g., methyl, hydroxy, amino, methoxy, phenyl, phenoxy) and electron withdrawing (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, carboxy, trifluoromethyl) gave from 1.5- to 4.5-fold increases in affinity. Substitution with p-fluorine, as in 97 (IC50 = 0.022 ± 0.002), was the exception. Here, a greater increase in affinity was realized than for either the ortho- or meta-substituted analogues; 97 was the most potent compound resulting from monosubstitution of the aromatic. At best, only modest increases in affinity were realized for certain compounds bearing either two chlorines or two fluorines, and two methoxy groups gave no improvement in affinity (all examined in a variety of substitution patterns). Three amino acids, 4, 5, and 104, were resolved into their four constituent isomers, and affinity and functional activity for group II mGluRs was found to reside solely in the S,S,S-isomers of each, consistent with 1. With an IC50 = 2.9 ± 0.6 nM, the resolved xanthylmethyl compound 168 was the most potent compound from this SAR. Amino acid 168 demonstrated high plasma levels following intraperitoneal (ip) administration and readily penetrated into the brain. This compound, however, had only limited (~5%) oral bioavailability. Systemic administration of 168 protected mice from limbic seizures produced by the mGluR agonist 3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine, with an ED50 = 31 mg/kg (ip, 60 min preinjection). Thus, 168 represents a valuable tool to study the role of group II mGluRs in disease.
