122-18-9Relevant articles and documents
Interactions between biocide cationic agents and bacterial biofilms
Campanac,Pineau,Payard,Baziard-Mouysset,Roques
, p. 1469 - 1474 (2002)
The resistance of bacterial biofilms to physical and chemical agents is attributed in the literature to various interconnected processes. The limitation of mass transfer alters the growth rate, and physiological changes in the bacteria in the film also appear. The present work describes an approach to determination of the mechanisms involved in the resistance of bacteria to quaternary ammonium compounds (benzalkonium chloride) according to the C-chain lengths of those compounds. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa CIP A 22, the level of resistance of the bacteria in the biofilm relative to that of planktonic bacteria increased with the C-chain length. For cells within the biofilm, the exopolysaccharide induced a characteristic increase in surface hydrophilicity. However, this hydrophilicity was eliminated by simple resuspension and washing. The sensitivity to quaternary ammonium compounds was restored to over 90%. Staphylococcus aureus CIP 53 154 had a very high level of resistance when it was in the biofilm form. A characteristic of bacteria from the biofilm was a reduction in the percent hydrophobicity, but the essential point is that this hydrophobicity was retained after the biofilm bacteria were resuspended and washed. The recovery of sensitivity was thus only partial. These results indicate that the factors involved in biofilm resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds vary according to the bacterial modifications induced by the formation of a biofilm. In the case of P. aeruginosa, we have underlined the involvement of the exopolysaccharide and particularly the three-dimensional structure (water channels). In the case of S. aureus, the role of the three-dimensional structure is limited and drastic physiological changes in the biofilm cells are more highly implicated in resistance.
Kinetic Features of an Intraresin Reaction
Kim, Bong,Kirszensztejn, Piotr,Bolikal, Durgadas,Regen, Steven L.
, p. 1567 - 1571 (1983)
The kinetic features of the intraresin displacement by pendant ammonium acetate groups on chloromethylated polystyrene have been investigated as a function of temperature, swelling solvent, and cross-link density.In all cases, intraresin displasement proceeds with a rapid initial rate folowed by a very slow second stage; the latter represents that fraction of reactant which become "kinetically isolated".The free energy of activation for the first stage, under the various swelling conditions used, lies in the range 24.4-26.8 kcal mol-1, which is similar to that found for analogous homogeneous reactions.The absolute rates measured for the homogeneous and the initial intraresin displacement in dioxane were similar; with n-hexane and toluene as solvents, polymeric rates were considerably slower than those of their homogeneous counterparts.Intraresin displacement was rapid even when a poor swelling solvent (n-hexane) was used.As the rate of intrapolymeric reaction decreased (through a decrease in temperature, increase in cross-link density, or change in solvent) the percent of "kinetically isolated" sites increased.
Fatty alkyl dimethyl benzyl quaternary ammonium salt synthesis method
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Paragraph 0047-0050; 0071, (2019/04/26)
The invention discloses a fatty alkyl dimethyl benzyl quaternary ammonium salt preparation method, which comprises: carrying out a salt formation reaction on fatty alkyl dimethyl tertiary amine and abenzyl halide in an organic solvent at a temperature of 30-70 DEG C, wherein R in the fatty alkyl tertiary amine is C6H13-C22H45, the halogen in the benzyl halide is chlorine, bromine or iodine, and the organic solvent is one or a plurality of materials selected from methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, acetone and acetonitrile. According to the present invention, the yield of the preparation method is high, and can reach more than 90%; the purity is high, and can achieve more than 99%; the water content is low; the product has good appearance and simple post-treatment effect; and the method can reduce the energy consumption, and is suitable for industrial production.
A synthetic method of a benzalkonium chloride mixture
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Paragraph 0019; 0020; 0023; 0024, (2017/08/30)
The invention relates to the technical field of organic synthesis, and particularly relates to a synthetic method of a benzalkonium chloride mixture. The method includes (1) weighing alkyl dimethyl tertiary amine, a metal or nonmetal halide, benzyl chloride and an organic solvent separately according to a ratio; (2) dissolving the alkyl dimethyl tertiary amine and the metal or nonmetal halide into the organic solvent according to a ratio to obtain a mixture system, putting the mixture system in a hydrothermal boiler and raising the temperature of the mixture system to 50-80 DEG C; (3) adding dropwise the benzyl chloride into the mixture system in the step (2) under continuous stirring, with the adding speed being 30-40 drops per min, stirring the mixture system until the dropwise addition is finished, and allowing the obtained mixture system to stand for 3-8 h to obtain benzalkonium chloride single crystals; and (4) subjecting the mixture system in the step (3) to suction filtration, and performing washing operation and recrystallization to obtain the benzalkonium chloride. Compared with traditional processes, the metal or nonmetal halide is adopted as an additive of the method, can promote benzalkonium chloride generation from a reaction of the alkyl dimethyl tertiary amine and the benzyl chloride, and increases the conversion ratio of reactants; and a benzyl chloride dropwise addition manner is adopted by the method, thus reducing benzyl chloride volatilization, allowing the benzyl chloride to be completely reacted as soon as the benzyl chloride is added into a solution, and increasing the conversion ratio of the reactants.