123202-53-9

Upstream product

• 120-25-2 4-ethoxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde 
• 203312-21-4 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)propan-1,3-diol 
• 84159-64-8 4-ethoxy-3-methoxybromoacetylbenzene 
• 186255-41-4 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)ethanone 
• 78405-40-0 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)ethanol 
• 10231-47-7 3-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-ol 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

SELECTIVE CARBON-CARBON BOND CLEAVAGE BY EARTH ABUNDANT VANADIUM COMPOUNDS UNDER VISIBLE LIGHT PHOTOCATALYSIS

Provided herein a vanadium(V) complex of formula I, where R1 to R8 are as defined herein. Also provided herein are reactions making use of the vanadium(V) complex of formula I, such as selective sp3-sp3 carbon-carbon bond cleavage under visible light photocatalysis and photodegradation of lignin.

Selective photocatalytic C-C bond cleavage under ambient conditions with earth abundant vanadium complexes

Selective C-C bond cleavage under ambient conditions is a challenging chemical transformation that can be a valuable tool for organic syntheses and macromolecular disassembly. Herein, we show that base metal vanadium photocatalysts can harvest visible light to effect the chemoselective C-C bond cleavage of lignin model compounds under ambient conditions. Lignin, a major aromatic constituent of non-food biomass, is an inexpensive, accessible source of fine chemical feedstocks such as phenols and aryl ethers. However, existing lignin degradation technologies are harsh and indiscriminately degrade valuable functional groups to produce intractable mixtures. The selective, photocatalytic depolymerization of lignin remains underexplored. In the course of our studies on lignin model compounds, we have uncovered a new C-C activation reaction that takes place under exceptionally mild conditions with high conversions. We present our fundamental studies on representative lignin model compounds, with the aim of expanding and generalizing the substrate scope in the future. Visible light is employed in the presence of earth-abundant vanadium oxo catalysts under ambient conditions. Selective C-C bond cleavage leads to valuable and functionally rich fine chemicals such as substituted aryl aldehydes and formates. Isotope labeling experiments, product analyses, and intermediate radical trapping, together with density functional theory studies, suggest a unique pathway that involves a photogenerated T1 state during the C-C bond cleavage reactions. Our study demonstrates a sustainable approach to harvest sunlight for an unusual, selective bond activation, which can potentially be applied in organic transformations and biomass valorization.

Role of laccase as an enzymatic pretreatment method to improve lignocellulosic saccharification

The recalcitrant nature of lignocellulose, in particular due to the presence of lignin, is found to decrease the efficiency of cellulases during the saccharification of biomass. The efficient and cost effective removal of lignin is currently a critical bi

Alkoxyl- and carbon-centered radicals as primary agents for degrading non-phenolic lignin-substructure model compounds

Lignin degradation by white-rot fungi proceeds via free radical reaction catalyzed by oxidative enzymes and metabolites. Basidiomycetes called selective white-rot fungi degrade both phenolic and non-phenolic lignin substructures without penetration of extracellular enzymes into the cell wall. Extracellular lipid peroxidation has been proposed as a possible ligninolytic mechanism, and radical species degrading the recalcitrant non-phenolic lignin substructures have been discussed. Reactions between the non-phenolic lignin model compounds and radicals produced from azo compounds in air have previously been analysed, and peroxyl radical (PR) is postulated to be responsible for lignin degradation (Kapich et al., FEBS Lett., 1999, 461, 115-119). However, because the thermolysis of azo compounds in air generates both a carbon-centred radical (CR) and a peroxyl radical (PR), we re-examined the reactivity of the three radicals alkoxyl radical (AR), CR and PR towards non-phenolic monomeric and dimeric lignin model compounds. The dimeric lignin model compound is degraded by CR produced by reaction of 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), which under N2 atmosphere cleaves the α-β bond in 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1,3-propanediol to yield 4-ethoxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde. However, it is not degraded by the PR produced by reaction of Ce4+/tert-BuOOH. In addition, it is degraded by AR produced by reaction of Ti3+/tert-BuOOH. PR and AR are generated in the presence and absence of veratryl alcohol, respectively. Rapid-flow ESR analysis of the radical species demonstrates that AR but not PR reacts with the lignin model compound. Thus, AR and CR are primary agents for the degradation of non-phenolic lignin substructures.

CATALYTIC DISPROPORTIONATION AND CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF CARBON-CARBON AND CARBON-OXYGEN BONDS OF LIGNIN AND OTHER ORGANIC SUBSTRATES

The present invention provides methods and catalyst compositions for the catalytic reduction of carbon-oxygen bonds of organic substrates and the catalytic disproportionation of carbon-oxygen or carbon-carbon bonds of organic substrates. These methods and catalyst compositions may be used to depolymerize lignin. The disproportionation of carbon-oxygen or carbon-carbon bonds of organic substrates or lignin is carried out by cleaving a carbon-oxygen bond or a carbon-carbon bond in a catalytic disproportionation reaction. The catalysts may be formed from a metal precursor such as ruthenium or vanadium and a bidentate ligand The catalytic reduction of carbon-oxygen bonds of organic substrates such as lignin is carried out by cleaving a carbon-oxygen bond in the presence of a hydrogen atom source. Lignin fragments produced following depolymerization by such methods may be further processed into fuels.

Non-oxidative vanadium-catalyzed co bond cleavage: Application to degradation of lignin model compounds

(Chemical Equation Presented) New direction: Changes In the ligand structure divert the reactivity of vanadium (V) oxo complexes from alcohol oxidation to a novel non-oxidative C-O bond cleavage. Thus, highly functionalized aryl enones can be selectively generated from lignin model compounds by vanadium-catalyzed cleavage of the β-O-4 linkage (see scheme; N blue, O red).