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Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Phenoxo bridged tetranuclear copper(II) and dinuclear zinc(II) complexes of 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol-di(benzoylhydrazone): Synthesis, structure, spectra and magnetism

Phenoxo bridged tetranuclear Cu(II) and dinuclear Zn(II) complexes are synhesized namely, Cu4[(L)2(OCH3)2] (1) and Zn2(HL)2 (2) (H3L = [(HOC 6H2CH3){2,6-(CHN-NC(OH)(C6H 5))(CHN-NC(OH)(C6H5))}]) and characterized by FTIR, UV-Vis, 1H NMR, fluorescence and mass spectrometry. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of 1 shows that the Cu atom possesses a square pyramid environment via bridging of 'phenolato'-O and 'enolato'-O of the ligand, additional bridging of 'methanolato'-O of coordinated CH3OH and monodentate coordination of imine-N. The EPR spectrum of 1 are characterized by g∥ = 2.286, A∥ = 169 × 10-4 cm-1, gτ = 2.068, Aτ = 17 × 10-4 cm-1 (298 K) and g∥ = 2.283, A ∥ = 178 × 10-4 cm-1, g τ = 2.072, Aτ = 15 × 10-4 cm -1 (77 K). The study of the variable temperature magnetic properties agrees with a predominant intramolecular antiferromagnetic coupling (2J = -186.5 cm-1), rendering a ground state of S = 0.

Differentially selective chemosensor with fluorescence off-on responses on Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions in aqueous media and applications in pyrophosphate sensing, live cell imaging, and cytotoxicity

A new benzoyl hydrazone based chemosensor R is synthesized by Schiff base condensation of 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol and phenyl carbohydrazide and acts as a highly selective fluorescence sensor for Cu2+ and Zn 2+ ions in aqueous media. The reaction of R with CuCl2 or ZnCl2 forms the corresponding dimeric dicopper(II) [Cu 2(R)(CH3O)(NO3)]2(CH 3O)2 (R-Cu2+) and dizinc(II) [Zn 2(R)2](NO3)2 (R-Zn2+) complexes, which are characterized, as R, by conventional techniques including single-crystal X-ray analysis. Electronic absorption and fluorescence titration studies of R with different metal cations in a CH3CN/0.02 M HEPES buffer medium (pH = 7.3) show a highly selective binding affinity only toward Cu2+and Zn2+ ions even in the presence of other commonly coexisting ions such as Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca 2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Co 2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, and Hg2+. Quantification of the fluorescence titration analysis shows that the chemosensor R can indicate the presence of Cu2+and Zn2+ even at very low concentrations of 17.3 and 16.5 ppb, respectively. R-Zn2+ acts as a selective metal-based fluorescent sensor for inorganic pyrophosphate ion (PPi) even in the presence of other common anions such as F-, Cl -, Br-, I-, CH3COO-, CO32-, HCO3-, N3 -, SO42-, PPi, AMP, ADP, and ATP in an aqueous medium. The propensity of R as a bioimaging fluorescent probe to detect Cu 2+ and Zn2+ ions in human cervical HeLa cancer cell lines and their cytotoxicity against human cervical (HeLa), breast cancer (MCF7), and noncancer breast epithelial (MCF10a) cells have also been investigated. R-Cu2+ shows better cytotoxicity and sensitivity toward cancer cells over noncancer cells than R and R-Zn2+ under identical conditions, with the appearance of apoptotic bodies.

Triply phenoxo bridged Eu(III) and Sm(III) complexes with 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol-di(benzoylhydrazone): Structure, spectra and biological study in human cell lines

Two dinuclear lanthanide(III) complexes, [M2(HL)3] (M = Sm(III) (1), Eu(III) (2); H3L, 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol-di(benzoylhydrazone)) were generated with good yield and characterised systematically. The single crystal X-ray structure determination of [Eu2(HL)3] (2) confirmed the tricapped trigonal prismatic geometry of the N3O6 coordination environment around europium. Indeed, Eu(1) and Eu(2) are bridged by phenolato-O belonging to the p-cresol ring, by deprotonated 'enol' groups from the benzoyl hydrazide part and by the imine-N centres. A temperature dependent magnetic study suggested that anti-ferromagnetic coupling occurs between the two Eu(III) ions and the magnetic moment was found to vary from 0.48 B.M. at 5 K to 3.03 B.M. at 300 K. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed that anti-ferromagnetic coupling occurs between the atoms of Eu(III) and Sm(III). Both the complexes show emission in the visible range. The ligand, H3L and the complexes exhibit anti-mycobacterial activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) and M. tuberculosis H37Ra (ATCC 25177) strains. The molecular docking of H3L with the enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase of M. tuberculosis H37Rv (PDB ID: 4U0K) was examined and the best docked pose of H3L was shown to have one hydrogen bond with Thr196 (2.03 A).

Two new Dy3 triangles with trinuclear circular helicates and their single-molecule magnet behavior

Self-assembly of polydentate Schiff base 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol di(benzoy1hydrazone) (H3L), with dysprosium thiocyanate and sodium azide, affords two novel trinuclear triangular circular helicate dysprosium(III) complexes, [Dy3(μ3-OCH3) 2(HL)3(SCN)] ·4CH3OH·2CH 3CN·2H2O (1) or [Dy3(μ3- N3)(μ3-OH)(H2L)3(SCN) 3](SCN) ·3CH3OH·H2O (2), depending on the presence or absence of base. Single-crystal X-ray analyses show that two μ3-methoxy oxygens cap the Dy3 triangle in complex 1 and that one μ3-OH and one μ3-N 3- cap the Dy3 triangle of complex 2, representing the first example of a μ3-N3 --capped lanthanide complex reported to date. Ac susceptibility measurements reveal that multiple relaxation processes and the onset of slow magnetization relaxation occur for complex 1 and 2, respectively. Theoretical calculations are required to elucidate the underlying mechanism; however, the different magnetic anisotropy of the respective structures, which is dictated by the coordination environment of DyIII ions and structural parameters of the triangles, is mostly responsible for the distinctive relaxation dynamics observed.

Syntheses and structures of two tetracopper(II) complexes with 2-hydroxy-5-methyl-1,3-benzenedicarboxaldehyde bis(benzohydrazone)

The reaction of Cu(O2CCH3)2H2O and 2-hydroxy-5-methyl-1,3-benzenedicarboxaldehyde bis(benzohydrazone) (H3L) in methanol affords a tetranuclear complex of formula [Cu4(L)2(OCH3)2] (1). On the other hand, the reaction of Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O and H3L in presence of KOH in methanol affords 1 as minor product and a second solvated tetranuclear complex [Cu4(HL)2(OCH3)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2·2CH3OH·2H2O (2·2CH3OH·2H2O) as the major product. Both complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic, infrared spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic measurements. The asymmetric unit of each complex contains a dinuclear unit which dimerizes and forms the tetranuclear complex. The two metal centres in the dinuclear unit are bridged through an endogenous phenolate-O and an exogenous methanolate-O. In 1, the dinuclear unit {Cu2(L)(OCH3)} dimerizes through two pairs of weak reciprocal equatorial-apical bridges involving one iminolate-O of L3- and the methanolate-O atoms, while the dinuclear unit {Cu2(HL)(OCH3)(H2O)}+ of 2 dimerizes through a similar pair of weak reciprocal equatorial-apical bridges involving only the methanolate-O atom. In these tetranuclear structures, each metal centre is in square-pyramidal NO4 coordination sphere. In the crystal lattice, a one-dimensional ordering of 1 occurs due to intermolecular π-π interactions, whereas 2·2CH3OH·2H2O forms a three-dimensional framework via intermolecular N-H···O, O-H···O, O-H···N hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions.