1308256-10-1Relevant articles and documents
IMIDAZOLE BIARYL COMPOUNDS AS S-NITROSOGLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE INHIBITORS
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Page/Page column 103; 117, (2016/04/20)
The present disclosure is directed to compounds of formula (Ie) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein A, B, R1, R2, m, n, X1, X2, X3 and X4 are as defined herein, which are active as inhibitors of S-Nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR). These compounds prevent, inhibit, or suppress the action of GSNOR and are therefore useful in the treatment of GSNOR mediated diseases, disorders, syndromes or conditions such as, e.g., pulmonary hypertension, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), asthma, bronchospasm, cough, pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial lung diseases, cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Hydrogen-bonding catalysis and inhibition by simple solvents in the stereoselective kinetic epoxide-opening spirocyclization of glycal epoxides to form spiroketals
Wurst, Jacqueline M.,Liu, Guodong,Tan, Derek S.
, p. 7916 - 7925 (2011/07/08)
Mechanistic investigations of a MeOH-induced kinetic epoxide-opening spirocyclization of glycal epoxides have revealed dramatic, specific roles for simple solvents in hydrogen-bonding catalysis of this reaction to form spiroketal products stereoselectively with inversion of configuration at the anomeric carbon. A series of electronically tuned C1-aryl glycal epoxides was used to study the mechanism of this reaction based on differential reaction rates and inherent preferences for SN2 versus SN1 reaction manifolds. Hammett analysis of reaction kinetics with these substrates is consistent with an SN2 or SN2-like mechanism (ρ = -1.3 vs ρ = -5.1 for corresponding SN1 reactions of these substrates). Notably, the spirocyclization reaction is second-order dependent on MeOH, and the glycal ring oxygen is required for second-order MeOH catalysis. However, acetone cosolvent is a first-order inhibitor of the reaction. A transition state consistent with the experimental data is proposed in which one equivalent of MeOH activates the epoxide electrophile via a hydrogen bond while a second equivalent of MeOH chelates the side-chain nucleophile and glycal ring oxygen. A paradoxical previous observation that decreased MeOH concentration leads to increased competing intermolecular methyl glycoside formation is resolved by the finding that this side reaction is only first-order dependent on MeOH. This study highlights the unusual abilities of simple solvents to act as hydrogen-bonding catalysts and inhibitors in epoxide-opening reactions, providing both stereoselectivity and discrimination between competing reaction manifolds. This spirocyclization reaction provides efficient, stereocontrolled access to spiroketals that are key structural motifs in natural products.
BORON-CONTAINING SMALL MOLECULES
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, (2011/06/16)
This invention relates to 6-substituted benzoxaborole compounds of the following formula and their use for treating bacterial infections.
