13287-21-3Relevant academic research and scientific papers
SYNTHESIS OF HIGH CALORIC FUELS AND CHEMICALS
-
Paragraph 00103, (2013/05/23)
In one embodiment, the present application discloses methods to selectively synthesize higher alcohols and hydrocarbons useful as fuels and industrial chemicals from syngas and biomass. Ketene and ketonization chemistry along with hydrogenation reactions are used to synthesize fuels and chemicals. In another embodiment, ketene used to form fuels and chemicals may be manufactured from acetic acid which in turn can be synthesized from synthesis gas which is produced from coal, biomass, natural gas, etc.
Anodic Oxidation of Organoboranes
Schlegel, Guenter,Schaefer, Hans J.
, p. 1400 - 1423 (2007/10/02)
Organoboranes are converted into more easily oxidizable borates by reaction with nucleophiles and the alkyl groups are dimerized by anodic oxidation.The oxidation potentials (Ep) of the borates depend strongly on the nature of the complexing nucleophile, for instance Ep = +0.37 V (vs.SCE) with OH- or +1.65 V with tetrahydrofuran.The dimer yields are optimized with trioctylborane (5) by variation of the electrode material and the elctrolyte.At the platinum anode in sodium hydroxide-methanol/tetrahydrofuran yields of 80percent are obtained for acyclic alkyl groups, and lo wer ones for cycloalkyl groups.They exceed those obtained by the Kolbe electrolysis or the oxidation with neutral hydrogen peroxide and they are comparable to those of the AgNO3 oxidation. - The selective preparation of unsymmetrical products from borates with different alkyl groups is not possible, the dimerization proceeds likely via free radicals that couple statistically.Good yields of unsymmetrical coupling products are achieved, when one olefin is used in excess.With choro-, ethoxy-, acetoxy-, and aryl-substituted alkyl groups the dimers are obtained in 21 - 66percent yield, with bromide the yield are lower and with nitriles the dimerization fails.
