13395-02-3

Usage

Uses

Used in Research and Development:
Aristolactam I is used as a research compound for studying its toxicological properties and potential carcinogenic effects. Understanding its mechanisms of action can contribute to the development of countermeasures or treatments for Aristolochic acid-induced toxicity.
Used in Regulatory and Safety Assessments:
Aristolactam I is utilized in regulatory and safety assessments to monitor and control the presence of Aristolochic acids in herbal remedies and traditional medicines. This helps ensure the safety and quality of these products, protecting consumers from potential health risks.
Used in Toxicology Studies:
Aristolactam I serves as a subject for toxicology studies, which aim to determine the extent of its harmful effects on human health and the environment. These studies are crucial for establishing safety guidelines and regulations regarding the use and handling of substances containing Aristolochic acids.
Used in Education and Awareness:
Aristolactam I is also used as a case study in educational programs to raise awareness about the dangers of certain natural compounds and the importance of proper identification and regulation of herbal and traditional medicines. This helps promote responsible practices and informed decision-making among healthcare professionals and the general public.

InChI:InChI=1/C17H11NO4/c1-20-12-4-2-3-8-9(12)5-11-14-10(17(19)18-11)6-13-16(15(8)14)22-7-21-13/h2-6H,7H2,1H3,(H,18,19)

Upstream product

• 313-67-7 aristolochic acid I 
• 64-19-7 acetic acid 

Downstream Products

• 85814-30-8 aristololactam Ia 

Related news

aristolactam I (cas 13395-02-3) a metabolite of aristolochic acid I upon activation forms an adduct found in DNA of patients with Chinese herbs nephropathy07/28/2019

SummaryAristolochic acid (AA) a naturally occuring nephrotoxin and carcinogen is implicated in a unique type of renal fibrosis, designated Chinese herbs nephropathy (CHN). We identified AA-specific DNA adducts in kidneys and in a ureter obtained from CHN patients after renal transplantation. AA ...detailed

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Quantitation of Protein Adducts of Aristolochic Acid I by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: A Novel Method for Biomonitoring Aristolochic Acid Exposure

Emerging evidence suggests that chronic exposure to aristolochic acids (AAs) is one of the etiological pathways leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Due to the traditional practice of herbal medicine and AA-containing plants being used extensively as medicinal herbs, over 100 million East Asians are estimated to be at risk of AA poisoning. Given that the chronic nephrotoxicity of AAs only manifests itself after decades of exposure, early diagnosis of AA exposure could allow for timely intervention and disease risk reduction. However, an early detection method is not yet available, and diagnosis can only be established at the end stage of CKD. The goal of this study was to develop a highly sensitive and selective method to quantitate protein adducts of aristolochic acid I (AAI) as a biomarker of AA exposure. The method entails the release of protein-bound aristolactam I (ALI) by heat-assisted alkaline hydrolysis, extraction of ALI, addition of internal standard, and quantitation by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric analysis. Accuracy and precision of the method were critically evaluated using a synthetic ALI-containing glutathione adduct. The validated method was subsequently used to detect dose-dependent formation of ALI-protein adducts in human serum albumin exposed to AAI and in proteins isolated from the tissues and sera of AAI-exposed rats. Our time-dependent study showed that ALI-protein adducts remained detectable in rats even at 28 days postdosing. It is anticipated that the developed method will fill the technical gap in diagnosing AA intoxication and facilitate the biomonitoring of human exposures to AAs.

Identification of a reduction product of aristolochic acid: Implications for the metabolic activation of carcinogenic aristolochic acid

Aristolochic acids are nephrotoxic and carcinogenic natural products that have been implicated both in endemic nephropathy in the Balkan region and in ailments caused by ingestion of herbal remedies. Aristolochic acids are metabolized to active intermediates that bind to DNA. In this study, reduction of aristolochic acid I with zinc in acetic acid afforded a new product that was characterized as 9-methoxy-7-methyl-2H-1,3-oxazolo[5′,4′-10,9] phenanthro[3,4-d]-1,3-dioxolane-5-carboxylic acid, designated as aristoxazole, along with the expected aristolactam I. This new compound is a condensation product of aristolochic acid and acetic acid that may be related to the aristolochic acid-DNA adducts. The proposed mechanism of formation of aristoxazole involves nucleophilic attack of acetic acid on the nitrenium ion of aristolochic acid I. On the basis of these studies, a route to the metabolic activation of aristolochic acids and formation of adducts with DNA in in vitro systems is proposed and discussed.