134430-90-3

Upstream product

• 100-01-6 4-nitro-aniline 
• 102-92-1 Cinnamoyl chloride 
• 140-10-3 (E)-3-phenylacrylic acid 
• 102-92-1 cinnamoyl chloride 

Downstream Products

• 16618-72-7 3-phenyl-1-indanone 
• 85662-98-2 3-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-indan-1-one 
• 100411-13-0 N-benzyl-N-(4-aminophenyl)-3-phenylacrylamide 
• 14309-92-3 N-benzyl-4-nitroaniline 
• 1453188-51-6 2-(4-aminophenyl)-5-phenyl-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-2-benzazepin-3-one 
• 17272-83-2 N¹-benzyl-benzene-1,4-diamine 
• 74941-74-5 1-(4-Nitrophenyl)-5-styryltetrazole 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

METHOD FOR SYNTHESISING AMIDES

The present invention relates to a method for synthesising amides that is of general applicability. The method may be performed in vitro or in vivo. Cell lines for use in the in vivo methods also form aspects of the invention. The method for synthesising a non-natural amide comprises: a. reaction of a carboxylic acid with a naturally occurring CoA ligase or a variant thereof; and b. reaction of the product of step a with an amine in the presence of a naturally occurring acyltransferase or a variant thereof; with the proviso that where the CoA ligase and acyltransferase are both naturally occurring, they are not derived from the same source species and do not act sequentially in a metabolic pathway; and with the proviso that the non-natural product is not N-(E)-p-coumaroyl-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid or N-(E)-p-caffeoyl-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid. Further, a method for producing an active pharmaceutical ingredient by the aforementioned method and host cells for carrying out said methods are envisaged.

A versatile biosynthetic approach to amide bond formation

The development of versatile and sustainable catalytic strategies for amide bond formation is a major objective for the pharmaceutical sector and the wider chemical industry. Herein, we report a biocatalytic approach to amide synthesis which exploits the diversity of Nature's amide bond forming enzymes, N-acyltransferases (NATs) and CoA ligases (CLs). By selecting combinations of NATs and CLs with desired substrate profiles, non-natural biocatalytic pathways can be built in a predictable fashion to allow access to structurally diverse secondary and tertiary amides in high yield using stoichiometric ratios of carboxylic acid and amine coupling partners. Transformations can be performed in vitro using isolated enzymes, or in vivo where reactions rely solely on cofactors generated by the cell. The utility of these whole cell systems is showcased through the preparative scale synthesis of a key intermediate of Losmapimod (GW856553X), a selective p38-mitogen activated protein kinase inhibitor.

Synthesis of Cinnamanilide Derivatives and Their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity

The amide derivatives of cinnamic acid were synthesized and their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were investigated. The investigation of antimicrobial potentials of the compounds demonstrated a strong activity against 21 bacterial strains comprising Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Compounds 2a, 2b, and 3b showed strong antimicrobial activity against all microorganisms with the pMIC value ranging from 2.45 to 3.68. Compounds 2a, 3a, and 3b demonstrated strong antioxidant activity with % inhibition of the DPPH radical of 51% (±1.14), 41% (±1.01), and 50% (±1.23), respectively. These findings indicate that the amide derivatives of the cinnamic acid possess strong antibacterial and antioxidant activities.

Unusual Regioselectivity of the Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Nitrile Oxides and Tertiary Cinnamides and Crotonamides

Benzonitrile oxides undergo 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions with methyl cinnamate to produce the 5-phenyl and 4-phenyl regioisomers in approximately an 80:20 ratio. However, use of N,N-diethylcinnamide as the dipolarophile unexpectedly resulted in the formation of the 5-phenyl and 4-phenyl regioisomers in a 23:77 ratio. Studies have shown that this phenomena occurs only for tertiary cinnamides. In addition, it has been demonstrated that the phenyl group of tertiary cinnamides is not essential for the reversal of regioselectivity since crotonamides produce the same results and trends as the cinnamides. However, since acrylates and acrylamides both produce the 5-carbonyl regioisomers, it can be concluded that the β-substituent is playing a key role for the unexpected results by possibly increasing steric interactions between the dipole and dipolarophile in the transition state. Transition state energies were calculated for the regioisomeric cycloadduct pairs derived from several crotonamides as well as methyl crotonate. These calculations indicate that steric factors are indeed responsible for the reversal of regioselectivity.

Nucleophilic substitution reactions of cinnamoyl chlorides with anilines in acetonitrile and acetonitrile-methanol mixtures

Kinetic studies on the solvolysis (in MeOH-MeCN mixtures) and aminolysis (with anilines in MeCN) of cinnamoyl chlorides have been carried out at 25.0 deg C.The relatively large negative values of ρY+ = -0.9 ca. -1.5 for the methanolysis are consistent with a dissociative SN2-like mechanism.For the aminolysis, the ρy values are positive (ρY = 0.52 ca. 1.64) and ρX values range from -1.68 to -2.51 in acetonitrile.The positive values of βX = 0.6-0.9 and ρXY = 0.88 in acetonitrile, and isotope effect data suggest that the aminolysis proceeds by a stepwise mechanism with rate-limiting breakdown of the tetrahedral intermediate, T+/-.It is noted that in the acyl-transfer reactions proceeding by rate-limiting departure of the leaving group from the tetrahedral intermediate the signs of both ρY and ρXY are positive and the reactivity-selectivity principle (RSP) is valid in general.