1349689-17-3Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Synthesis and SAR of b-annulated 1,4-dihydropyridines define cardiomyogenic compounds as novel inhibitors of TGFβ signaling
Schade, Dennis,Lanier, Marion,Willems, Erik,Okolotowicz, Karl,Bushway, Paul,Wahlquist, Christine,Gilley, Cynthia,Mercola, Mark,Cashman, John R.
supporting information, p. 9946 - 9957 (2013/01/16)
A medium-throughput murine embryonic stem cell (mESC)-based high-content screening of 17000 small molecules for cardiogenesis led to the identification of a b-annulated 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) that inhibited transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)/Smad signaling by clearing the type II TGFβ receptor from the cell surface. Because this is an unprecedented mechanism of action, we explored the series' structure-activity relationship (SAR) based on TGFβ inhibition, and evaluated SAR aspects for cell-surface clearance of TGFβ receptor II (TGFBR2) and for biological activity in mESCs. We determined a pharmacophore and generated 1,4-DHPs with IC 50s for TGFβ inhibition in the nanomolar range (e.g., compound 28, 170 nM). Stereochemical consequences of a chiral center at the 4-position was evaluated, revealing 10- to 15-fold more potent TGFβ inhibition for the (+)- than the (-) enantiomer. This stereopreference was not observed for the low level inhibition against Activin A signaling and was reversed for effects on calcium handling in HL-1 cells.
