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Usage

Uses

Used in Anticancer Applications:
Banoxantrone dihydrochloride is used as an anticancer agent for targeting hypoxic regions within tumors. It is particularly effective against various types of cancers, including those that are resistant to conventional treatments due to their hypoxic nature. The compound has demonstrated anti-tumor efficacy in vivo when combined with oxic cell cytotoxins, enhancing the overall treatment outcome.
Used in Drug Delivery Systems:
In order to improve the delivery, bioavailability, and therapeutic outcomes of Banoxantrone dihydrochloride, various drug delivery systems are being developed. These systems aim to enhance the compound's ability to reach and accumulate in hypoxic tumor regions, thereby increasing its effectiveness in treating cancer cells. Different types of carriers, such as organic and metallic nanoparticles, are being explored for their potential to improve the delivery and efficacy of Banoxantrone dihydrochloride.

Upstream product

• 70476-63-0 1,4-bis{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino}-5,8-dihydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione 
• 16110-99-9 3,6-dichlorophthalic acid 
• 62268-16-0 3,4,6-trichlorophthalic acid 
• 117-08-8 tetrachlorophthalic anhydride 
• 632-58-6 tetrachlorophthalic acid 
• 4466-59-5 3,6-dichlorophthalic anhydride 

Downstream Products

• 252979-56-9 1,4-Bis{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino}-5,8-dihydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione bis-N-oxide dihydrochloride 
• 70476-63-0 1,4-bis{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino}-5,8-dihydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF AQ4N

A process for the preparation of compound AQ4N of formula (2) or a salt or solvate thereof wherein the said process includes the reaction step: Formula (1), Formula (2), where compound AQ4 of formula (1) is oxidised to compound AQ4N of formula (2) with an oxidising agent at a reaction temperature not exceeding 10°C.

A large-scale synthesis of the bioreductive drug 1,4-bis{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino}-5,8-dihydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione bis-N-oxide (AQ4N)

A large-scale synthesis of the bis-bioreductive drug 1,4-bis{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino}-5,8-dihydroxy-anthracene-9,10-dione bis-N-oxide (AQ4N) has been developed. This six-step synthesis provides AQ4N in 20% overall yield from readily available tetrachlorophthalic anhydride. The key step was a KF-NaF-mediated conversion of 3,6-dichlorophthalic anhydride to 3,6-difluorophthalic anhydride, which could be achieved in 77% yield on a 100 g scale. A trace impurity in AQ4N was determined (by LC-MS and independent synthesis) to be the mono-N-oxide 1-amino-4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino-5,8-dihydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione N-oxide. This is formed spontaneously from AQ4N under a number of conditions, including during HPLC on reversed-phase columns. The Royal Society of Chemistry 1999.