1375262-94-4Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Design and Synthesis of N1-Modified Imidazoquinoline Agonists for Selective Activation of Toll-like Receptors 7 and 8
Larson, Peter,Kucaba, Tamara A.,Xiong, Zhengming,Olin, Michael,Griffith, Thomas S.,Ferguson, David M.
, p. 1148 - 1152 (2017)
A series of N1-modified imidazoquinolines were synthesized and screened for Toll-like receptors (TLR) 7 and 8 activities to identify recognition elements that confer high affinity binding and selectivity. These receptors are key targets in the development of immunomodulatory agents that signal the NF-κB mediated transcription of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines. Results are presented showing both TLR7/8 activations are highly correlated to N1-substitution, with TLR8 selectivity achieved through inclusion of an ethyl-, propyl-, or butylamino group at this position. While the structure-activity relationship analysis indicates TLR7 activity is less sensitive to N1-modification, extension of the aminoalkyl chain length to pentyl and p-methylbenzyl elicited high affinity TLR7 binding. Cytokine profiles are also reported that show the pure TLR8 agonist [4-amino-2-butyl-1-(2-aminoethyl)-7-methoxycarbonyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline] induces higher levels of IL-1β, IL-12, and IFNγ when compared with TLR7 selective or mixed TLR7/8 agonists. The results are consistent with previous work suggesting TLR8 agonists are Th1 polarizing and may help promote cell-mediated immunity.
Structure-activity relationship analysis of imidazoquinolines with toll-like receptors 7 and 8 selectivity and enhanced cytokine induction
Schiaffo, Charles E.,Shi, Ce,Xiong, Zhengming,Olin, Michael,Ohlfest, John R.,Aldrich, Courtney C.,Ferguson, David M.
, p. 339 - 347 (2014/02/14)
Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 (TLRs) have emerged as key targets in the design of small molecule adjuvants and stimulants for use in immunotherapies. This study examines the structure-activity relationship of a series of C2- and N1-substituted C7-methoxycarbonylimidazoquinolines to gain insight to the structural basis to TLR-7 and -8 selective activity. The analysis is further applied to evaluate the induction of multiple cytokines, including IL-10, IL-12, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-α, and IFN-γ, using murine BMDCs and human PBMCs. The results show TLR-7/8 activity is correlated to the C2-alkyl chain length, with peak activity occurring for the butyl (TLR-7) and pentyl (TLR-8) derivatives. A similar SAR is identified in the production of IL-1β, IL-12, and IFN-γ, which are shown to depend on both the C2-alkyl chain length and substitution to the N1-position. The compounds were also potent stimulators of IFN-α and IL-10 production but with less pronounced structure-based correlations.
IMMUNOMODULATORS AND IMMUNOMODULATOR CONJUGATES
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, (2013/03/28)
The invention provides compounds of formula I: wherein R1-R3, Ra, and Rb have any of the values defined herein, and salts thereof. The compounds have immunomodulatory properties.
Discovery of imidazoquinolines with toll-like receptor 7/8 independent cytokine induction
Shi, Ce,Xiong, Zhengming,Chittepu, Padmaja,Aldrich, Courtney C.,Ohlfest, John R.,Ferguson, David M.
, p. 501 - 504 (2012/08/14)
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key targets in the design of immunomodulating agents for use as vaccine adjuvants and anticancer treatments. The imidazoquinolines, imiquimod and resiquimod, have been shown to activate TLR-7 and -8, which in turn induce cytokine production as part of the innate immune response. Herein, we report the synthesis and discovery of a C7-methoxycarbonyl derivative of imiquimod that stimulates cytokine production but is devoid of TLR-7/8 activity. Data are presented that shows that this analogue not only induces IL-12p40 and TNF production, similar to that of imiquimod and resiquimod, but greatly enhances the production of IL-1β, a key cytokine involved in the activation of CD4 T cells. It is further demonstrated that TLR-7/8 activation can be recovered by the addition of a C2-alkyl substituent to this newly discovered analogue. The results support the existence of an alternative mechanism of action by which imidazoquinolines can stimulate cytokine production.
