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Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Nitric oxide-releasing derivatives of brefeldin A as potent and highly selective anticancer agents

A series of NO-donating mono- or diester derivatives of brefeldin A were designed, synthesized and biologically evaluated. Some derivatives exhibited potent antiproliferative activity with low IC50 values. The most potent NO-donating hybrid 13b exhibited stronger cytotoxicity against human prostate cancer PC-3?cells, human colon carcinoma HT-29?cells and human liver cancer HepG-2?cells than BFA with IC50 values of 25?nM, 160?nM and 180?nM, respectively. More importantly, compound 13b showed good selectivity between human normal and tumor liver cells with selectivity index of 33. Additionally, 13b released higher levels of NO in HepG-2?cells than L-02?cells. Further mechanism concerning cellular apoptosis showed that 13b induced apoptosis and S phase cell cycle arrest in HepG-2?cells. Incubation with 13b increased the number of HepG-2?cells with collapsed mitochondrial membrane at low concentrations in dose-dependent manner. In addition, by using the Human Apoptosis Protein Array kit, several apoptosis-related proteins, including HO-1, HO-2 and survivin, were found to be markedly downregulated by 13b in HepG-2?cells. Furthermore, in western blot assay, 13b increased the expression of Bax, Cyt c and caspase 3, and reduced the relative levels of Bcl-2, Bcl-xl and pro-caspase 3 in HepG-2?cells.

Second generation β-elemene nitric oxide derivatives with reasonable linkers: potential hybrids against malignant brain glioma

Elemene is a second-line broad-spectrum anti-tumour drug that has been used in China for more than two decades. However, its main anti-tumour ingredient, β-elemene, has disadvantages, including excessive lipophilicity and relatively weak anti-tumour effic

Synthesis, biological activity, and apoptotic properties of NO-donor/enmein-type ent-kauranoid hybrids

Herein, we reported on a series of synthetic nitric oxide-releasing enmein-type diterpenoid hybrids (9a–i). All the target compounds showed potent antibacterial activity against selected Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus and B. subtilis. The antiproliferative activity against human tumor K562, MGC-803, CaEs-17 and Bel-7402 cells, and human normal liver cells L-02 was tested and the structure activity relationships (SARs) were also concluded. Compounds 9b and 9d showed the best activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis with the same minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 4 and 2 μg/mL, respectively. The derivative 9f displayed IC50 values of 1.68, 1.11, 3.60 and 0.72 μM against the four cancer cell lines above and 18.80 μM against normal liver cells L-02; meanwhile, 9f also released a high level of NO at the time point of 60 min of 22.24 μmol/L. Furthermore, it was also found that 9f induced apoptosis via the mitochondria-related pathway and arrested cell cycle of Bel-7402 cells at S phase. These findings might be important to explore new chemical entities for the main causes of in-hospital mortality of S. aureus infection, combined with a solid tumor.

NO-releasing enmein-type diterpenoid derivatives with selective antiproliferative activity and effects on apoptosis-related proteins

: A series of nine enmein-type ent-kaurane diterpenoid and furoxan-based nitric oxide (NO) donor hybrids (10a-i) were designed and synthesized from commercially available oridonin (1). These hybrids were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against Bel-7402, K562, MGC-803, and CaEs-17 human cancer cell lines and L-02 normal liver cells. The antiproliferative activity against tumor cells was stronger than the lead compound 1 and parent molecule 9 in most cases. Especially, compound 10f showed the strongest activity against human hepatocarcinoma Bel-7402 cell line with an IC50 of 0.81 μM and could also release 33.7 μmol/L NO at the time point of 60 min. Compounds 10a-i also showed cytotoxic selectivity between tumor and normal liver cells with IC50 ranging from 22.1 to 33.9 μM. Furthermore, the apoptotic properties on Bel-7402 cells revealed that 10f could induce S phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis at low micromolar concentrations. The effects of 10f on apoptosis-related proteins were also investigated. The potent antiproliferative activities and mechanistic studies warrant further preclinical investigations.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel furozan-based nitric oxide-releasing derivatives of oridonin as potential anti-tumor agents

To search for novel nitric oxide (NO) releasing anti-tumor agents, a series of novel furoxan/oridonin hybrids were designed and synthesized. Firstly, the nitrate/nitrite levels in the cell lysates were tested by a Griess assay and the results showed that these furoxan-based NO-releasing derivatives could produce high levels of NO in vitro. Then the anti-proliferative activity of these hybrids against four human cancer cell lines was also determined, among which, 9h exhibited the most potential anti-tumor activity with IC50 values of 1.82 μM against K562, 1.81 μM against MGC-803 and 0.86 μM against Bel-7402, respectively. Preliminary structure-activity relationship was concluded based on the experimental data obtained. These results suggested that NO-donor/natural product hybrids may provide a promising approach for the discovery of novel anti-tumor agents.