14039-13-5Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Concerning the Role of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in SN1 Reactions
Qiao, Yun X.,Theyssen, Nils,Eifert, Tobias,Liauw, Marcel A.,Franciò, Giancarlo,Schenk, Karolin,Leitner, Walter,Reetz, Manfred T.
supporting information, p. 3898 - 3902 (2017/03/27)
A series of SN1-type reactions has been studied under various conditions to clarify the role of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as reaction medium for this kind of transformations. The application of scCO2 did not result in higher yields in any of the experiments in comparison to those under neat conditions or in the presence of other inert compressed gases. High-pressure UV/Vis spectroscopic measurements were carried out to quantify the degree of carbocation formation of a highly SN1-active alkyl halide as a function of the applied solvent. No measureable concentration of carbocations could be detected in scCO2, just like in other low polarity solvents. Taken together, these results do not support the previously claimed activating effect via enhanced SN1 ionization due to the quadrupolar moment of the supercritical fluid.
1H and 13C NMR detection of the carbocations or zwitterions from Rhodamine B base, a fluoran-based black color former, trityl benzoate, and methoxy-substituted trityl chlorides in the presence of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal
Hojo, Masashi,Ueda, Tadaharu,Yamasaki, Masanori,Inoue, Akihiko,Tokita, Sumio,Yanagita, Mitsuhiro
, p. 1569 - 1576 (2007/10/03)
The cleavage of C-O bonds in two fluoran-based dyes by the addition of alkali metal (M+ = Li+, Na+) and alkaline earth metal (M2+ = Mg2+, Ba2+) perchlorates in acetonitrile solution was exa
General Acid Catalysis of Alcohol Heterolysis
Bunton, Clifford A.,Davoudazedeh, Faegh,Watts, William E.
, p. 3855 - 3858 (2007/10/02)
The conversion of diferrocenylphenylmethanol (5) into its carbocation is general acid catalyzed in H2O:CH3CN, 1:1 w/w, and α = 0.88.The corresponding reaction of tropyl alcohol is also general acid catalyzed, and α = 0.71 and 0.90 in water and H2O:CH3CN, 1:1 w/w, respectively.However, the hydrogen ion catalyzed reactions have inverse solvent kinetic hydrogen isotope effects, and kH2O/kD2O = 0.56 for reaction of 5 in H2O(D2O):CH3CN.Consideration of the equilibrium constants for alcohol protonation suggests that acid-catalyzed conversion of alcohol into carbocation should go from stepwise to concerted as the stability of the carbocation is increased.
187. Primary and Secondary Isotope Effects on Proton Transfers to Diazocarbonyl Compounds
McGarrity, John F.
, p. 1767 - 1778 (2007/10/02)
The primary solvent isotope effects on the ASE-2 type hydrolyses of α-diazocarbonyl compounds p-XC6H4CN2CO2CH3 (X=NO2, H, OCH3 and C6H5CN2CON(CH3)2) are found to be identical despite large differences in their overall hydrolysis rates.The secondary solvent isotope effects diminish considerably with diminishing substrate reactivity, and for two substrates they are smaller than those normally anticipated for a simple proton transfer from the lyonium species.An analysis is presented of these and other abnormal secondary isotope effects found elsewhere, involving consideration of the solvation of the reaction complex.
