140422-07-7

Upstream product

• 120-92-3 cyclopentanone 
• 104-55-2 3-phenyl-propenal 
• 14371-10-9 (E)-3-phenylpropenal 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

ZrCl4 as an efficient catalyst for crossed-aldol condensation of cyclic ketones with aromatic aldehydes in refluxing ethanol

The aldol condensation reaction of cyclic ketones with aromatic aldehydes in ethanol under reflux conditions using ZrCl4 as a catalyst to afford the corresponding α,α′-bis(substituted benzylidene and cinnamylidene)cycloalkanones in excellent yields has been described. No self-condensation product was produced.

Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi Triosephosphate Isomerase with Concomitant Inhibition of Cruzipain: Inhibition of Parasite Growth through Multitarget Activity

Triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) is an essential Trypanosoma cruzi enzyme and one of the few validated drug targets for Chagas disease. The known inhibitors of this enzyme behave poorly or have low activity in the parasite. In this work, we used symmetrical diarylideneketones derived from structures with trypanosomicidal activity. We obtained an enzymatic inhibitor with an IC50value of 86 nm without inhibition effects on the mammalian enzyme. These molecules also affected cruzipain, another essential proteolytic enzyme of the parasite. This dual activity is important to avoid resistance problems. The compounds were studied in vitro against the epimastigote form of the parasite, and nonspecific toxicity to mammalian cells was also evaluated. As a proof of concept, three of the best derivatives were also assayed in vivo. Some of these derivatives showed higher in vitro trypanosomicidal activity than the reference drugs and were effective in protecting infected mice. In addition, these molecules could be obtained by a simple and economic green synthetic route, which is an important feature in the research and development of future drugs for neglected diseases.

Antiparasitic activity of synthetic curcumin monocarbonyl analogues against Trichomonas vaginalis

Trichomoniasis is a parasitic infection caused by Trichomonas vaginalis and it is considered to be the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection in the world. Since the 1960s, nitroimidazoles such as metronidazole are the drugs of choice for the treatment of trichomoniasis, but many adverse effects and allergic reactions may result from their use. Reports of metronidazole-resistant infections also highlight the importance for the search of new anti-T. vaginalis agents. Considering this, herein we report the anti-T. vaginalis evaluation of 21 synthetic monocarbonyl analogues of curcumin, which itself has been reported to possess antiparasitic potential. From the in vitro analysis of the synthetic molecules, untreated trophozoites, and metronidazole at 100 μM, it was observed that three curcumin analogues (3a, 3e, and 5e) exhibited anti-T. vaginalis activity comparable to metronidazole (no significant statistical difference). Optimal antiparasitic concentrations were determined to be 80 μM and 90 μM for propanone derivatives 3a and 3e, respectively, and 200 μM for cyclohexanone derivative 5e. Kinetic growth curves showed that, after 24 h, the trophozoites were completely inhibited. At the tested concentrations, natural curcumin did not significantly inhibit the growth of trophozoites, therefore demonstrating that the designed synthetic molecules not only have better chemical stability, but also higher anti-T. vaginalis potential. Cytotoxicity analysis, performed on VERO cells, demonstrated low, moderate and high cytotoxic effects for analogues 3e, 5e and 3a, respectively. This study suggests that these analogues possess chemical features of interest to be further explored as alternatives for the treatment of trichomoniasis.

Synthesis and anti-bacterial properties of mono-carbonyl analogues of curcumin

The synthesis of three series of curcumin analogues with mono-carbonyl is described. Their in vitro antibacterial activities against seven Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were tested and the effect of substituents on the aryl ring and the space structure of the linking strain were discussed. It was observed that part of the derivatives displayed significant activity when compared with curcumin and most of them exhibited activity against the ampicillin-resisted Enterobacter cloacae. Compounds A12, B09, B13, B14 and C09 show remarkable antibacterial activity in vitro. The result showed that heterocycle or long-chain substituents may enhance the activity of curcumin analogues.

Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activities of mono-carbonyl analogues of curcumin

Curcumin has been extensively studied for its anti-inflammatory activities. However, its potential beneficial effects on various disease preventions and treatments are limited by its unstable structure. The β-diketone moiety renders curcumin to be rapidly metabolized by aldo-keto reductase in liver. In the present study, a series of curcumin analogues with more stable chemical structures were synthesized and several compounds showed an enhanced ability to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-α and IL-6 synthesis in macrophages.

Iodotrimethylsilane-Mediated Cross-Aldol Condensation: A Facile Synthesis of α,α′-Bis(substituted benzylidene)cycloalkanones

A facile and efficient method for the preparation of α, α′-bis(substituted benzylidene)cycloalkanones is described for the first time using iodotrimethylsilane generated in situ from chlorotrimethylsilane and sodium iodide in acetonitrile. The reaction proceeds rapidly at room temperature, giving high yields of products.

Electronic absorption and fluorescence properties of 2,5-diarylidene-cyclopentanones

Spectroscopic properties for a series of 2,5-diarylidene-cyclopentanones are reported. Electronic absorption and fluorescence spectra have been measured for the all-E configurations of 2,5-dibenzylidene-cyclopentanone (1), 2,5-bis-(3-phenyl-allylidene)-cyclopentanone (2), and 2,5-bis-(5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienylidene)-cyclopentanone (3). The absorption spectra have been assigned with the aid of INDO/S calculations. Molecular structures used for the INDO/S calculations were computed with the PM3 Hamiltonian. Agreement between absorption spectra obtained in cyclohexane at room temperature and the theoretical predictions is good. For 1, 2, and 3 the general features of the spectra are similar. The transition to S1 (weak) is assigned as n → π* (A2 ← A1), to S2 (strong) as π → π* (B2 ← A1), and to S3 (moderate) as π → π* (A1 ← A1). The energy gap between S1 and S2 is seen to decrease as the length of the polyene chain increases in going from 1 to 3. Fluorescence is not observed for 1 in any of the solvents studied (protic and aprotic). Fluorescence is observed for 2 in protic solvents only. For 3, fluorescence is observed in a number of protic and aprotic solvents. Solvents which are able to induce fluorescence are believed to do so by inverting the order of 1(nπ*) and 1(ππ*) states. The influence of hydrogen bonding on the excitation spectra of 2 and 3 is discussed. Solvent-induced shifts in the absorption and fluorescence spectra of 3 in combination with the PM3 calculated ground-state dipole moment (2.8 D) are used to determine the excited-state dipole moment of 3 (6.4 D/protic solvents; 6.6 D/aprotic solvents). Fluorescence quantum yields in different solvents for 3 vary as the fluorescence maxima shift in these solvents, going through a maximum in the mid-frequency range. The variation in quantum yields with different solvents is primarily attributed to changes in the nonradiative rate of decay from S1. Excitation, polarized excitation, and fluorescence spectra have been measured for 2 and 3 at 77 K in ethanol/ methanol glass. Vibronic features not observed in the broad spectra obtained in alcohols at room temperature become clearly resolved at 77 K. Evidence is provided that indicates that 2 and 3 undergo excited-state proton-transfer reactions in acetic acid at room temperature.

Microwave assisted synthesis of α,α′-bis(benzylidene)ketones in dry media

Aromatic aldehydes undergo cross-aldol condensation with ketones in the presence of KF-Al2O3 under microwave irradiation in solvent-free conditions to afford the corresponding α,α′-bis(benzylidene) alkanones in high yields.

Aldol condensation of cycloalkanones with aromatic aldehydes catalysed with TiCi3(SO3CF3)

Efficient cross-aldol condensation of cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone and 1-indanone with various aromatic aldehydes is catalysed with TiCl3(SO3CF3) at room temperature in excellent yields.

RuCl3 catalyses aldol condensations of aldehydes and ketones

Anhydrous RuCl3 catalyses the efficient cross aldol condensations of different ketones with various aromatic aldehydes in sealed tube under solvent free conditions without the occurrence of any self condensations. Regioselective self condensation reaction of some ketones and aldehydes are also described. The catalytic effect of Ru(III) is shown by performing similar reactions under thermal conditions without catalyst.