1415981-75-7

Upstream product

• 108-55-4 glutaric anhydride, 
• 68-26-8 RETINOL 

Downstream Products

• 1415981-76-8 (Z)-(2R)-3-(((2-(5-(((2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-yl)oxy)-5-oxopentanamido)ethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dioleate 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Using imidazolium-based ionic liquids as dual solvent-catalysts for sustainable synthesis of vitamin esters: Inspiration from bio- and organo-catalysis

Vitamin E (VE) has significant biological activities and thus its acylation to increase its stability is of extreme interest. We developed an efficient and sustainable approach using imidazolium-based ionic liquids as dual solvent-catalysts for the esterification between α-tocopherol (the most active form of VE) and succinic anhydride. Although in literature it is reported that lipase can catalyze this reaction, hereby we demonstrate that the reaction observed in DMSO and DMF is catalyzed by the histidyl residues of the protein. Histidine and its analogue containing an imidazole ring were tested as organocatalysts for the production of α-tocopherol succinate. In light of the imidazole organocatalysis, commercially-available 3-alkyl-1-methyl imidazolium ILs [CnC1Im][X-] were investigated as dual solvent-catalysts for the esterification of α-tocopherol with succinic anhydride, and provided satisfactory yields and reaction rates. [C5C1Im][NO3-] can be recycled by water extraction, instead of organic solvent extraction to separate α-tocopherol succinate from [C5C1Im][NO3-], with an average yield of 94.1% for 4 subsequent batches, while the catalytic activity of the recycled ILs showed almost no loss after 4 batches. The developed protocol for the synthesis of α-tocopherol esters and IL recycling bears industrial potential due to the ease of use and the efficient recycling.

COMPOUNDS FOR TARGETING DRUG DELIVERY AND ENHANCING SIRNA ACTIVITY

Here described are compounds of formula I: wherein R1 and R2 is independently selected from a group consisting of C10 to C18 alkyl, C12 to C18 alkenyl, and oleyl group; wherein R3 and R4 are independently selected from a group consisting of C1 to C6 alkyl, and C2 to C6 alkanol; wherein X is selected from a group consisting of -CH2-, -S-, and -O- or absent; wherein Y is selected from -(CH2)n, -S(CH2)n, -O(CH2)n-, thiophene, -SO2(CH2)n-, and ester, wherein n = 1 -4; wherein a = 1 -4; wherein b=l -4; wherein c=l-4; and wherein Z is a counterion; and compounds consisting of the structure (targeting molecule)m-linker-(targeting molecule)n, wherein the targeting molecule is a retinoid or a fat soluble vitamin having a specific receptor on the target cell; wherein m and n are independently 0, 1, 2 or 3; and wherein the linker comprises a polyethylene glycol (PEG) or PEG-like molecule, as well as compositions and pharmaceutical formulations including one or both of these compounds which are useful for the delivery of therapeutic agents; and methods of using these compositions and pharmaceutical formulations.