152941-69-0Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Design, synthesis, and molecular modeling of novel pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine analogues as antifolates; Application of buchwald-hartwig aminations of heterocycles
Gangjee, Aleem,Namjoshi, Ojas A.,Raghavan, Sudhir,Queener, Sherry F.,Kisliuk, Roy L.,Cody, Vivian
, p. 4422 - 4441 (2013/07/19)
Opportunistic infections caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii, pj), Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii, tg), and Mycobacterium avium (M. avium, ma) are the principal causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The absence of any animal models for human Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and the lack of crystal structures of pjDHFR and tgDHFR make the design of inhibitors challenging. A novel series of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines as selective and potent DHFR inhibitors against these opportunistic infections are presented. Buchwald-Hartwig coupling reaction of substituted anilines with pivaloyl protected 2,4-diamino-6-bromo-pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidine was successfully explored to synthesize these analogues. Compound 26 was the most selective inhibitor with excellent potency against pjDHFR. Molecular modeling studies with a pjDHFR homology model explained the potency and selectivity of 26. Structural data are also reported for 26 with pcDHFR and 16 and 22 with variants of pcDHFR.
Synthesis of new 2,4-Diaminopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine and 2,4-Diaminopyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine inhibitors of Pneumocystis carinii, Toxoplasma gondii, and Mycobacterium avium dihydrofolate reductase
Rosowsky, Andre,Chen, Han,Fu, Hongning,Queener, Sherry F.
, p. 59 - 67 (2007/10/03)
A concise new route allowing easy access to five previously unreported 2,4-diamino-6-(substituted benzyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines (2a-e) was developed, involving condensation of 2,4-dipivaloylamino-5-bromopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine (6) with an organozinc halide in the presence of a catalytic amount of [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II)·CH 2Cl2, followed by removal of the pivaloyl groups with base. Also prepared via a scheme based on the Taylor ring expansion/ring annulation synthesis were three heretofore undescribed 2,4-diamino-5-(substituted benzyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines (3b-c). Standard spectrophotometric assays were used to compare the ability of 2a-e and 3b-c to inhibit dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from Pneumocystis carinii, Toxoplasma gondii, and Mycobacterium avium, three examples of opportunistic pathogens to which AIDS patients are highly vulnerable because of their immunocompromised state. For comparison, 13 previously untested 2,4-diamino-6-(substituted benzyl)quinazolines (17a-m) were also evaluated as inhibitors of these enzymes, as well as the enzyme from rat liver. None of the quinazolines or pyridopyrimidines tested was more potent against the P. carinii enzyme than the structurally related reference compound piritrexim (1), and none showed selectivity for the P. carinii enzyme over the rat enzyme. One of the pyridopyrimidines (2c) showed 10-fold selectivity for T. gondii versus rat DHFR, and two of them (2b, 2c) showed selectivity for the M. avium enzyme. However, this gain in species selectivity was achieved at the cost of decreased in potency, as has been noted with many other lipophilic DHFR inhibitors.
Synthesis and dihydrofolate reductase inhibitory activities of 2,4- diamino-5-deaza and 2,4-diamino-5,10-dideaza lipophilic antifolates
Gangjee,Devraj,Queener
, p. 470 - 478 (2007/10/03)
Two series of nonclassical antifolates (2,4-diamino-5-deaza compounds 2- 5 and 5,10-dideaza compounds 6-13) were synthesized as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from Pneumocystis carinii (pc) and Toxoplasma gondii (tg) organisms that are responsible for fatal opportunistic infections in AIDS patients. Rat liver (rl) DHFR served as the mammalian reference enzyme to determine selectivity. Syntheses of the target 5-deaza compounds were achieved by initial construction of the pivaloyl-protected 2,4-diamino- 6-bromopyrido[2,3-d]-pyrimidine 17 via a cyclocondensation of 2,4,6- triaminopyrimidine with bromomalonaldehyde. Sequential Heck coupling of 17 with styrene followed by ozonolysis afforded the 6-formyl derivative 19. Reductive amination of 19 with 3,4,5-trimethoxyaniline afforded the N10-H analog. The N10-Me and N10-Et analogs were synthesized by nucleophilic displacement of the 6-bromomethyl derivative 22 (obtained from the 6-formyl derivative 19 by reduction and bromination) with the appropriate N- alkylaniline. The trans-5,10-dideaza analogs 6-8 were synthesized via a Heck coupling of the appropriate methoxystyrene with 17, and selective reduction of the resulting 9,10-double bond afforded target compounds 9-11. Further reduction to the tetrahydro derivatives afforded analogs 12 and 13. The 5- deaza N10-Me 3,4,5-trimethoxy analog 3 maintained the best balance of potency and selectivity against both tgDHFR and pcDHFR. Compared to trimethoprim, compound 3 was only slightly less selective but was 300-fold more potent against tgDHFR. The 5,10-dideaza analogs were generally less potent and selective than the 5-deaza compounds.
PROTECTION AND DEPROTECTION OF FUSED 2-AMINO-4(3H)PYRIMIDONES: CONVERSION OF PTERINS AND 5-DEAZAPTERINS TO 2,4-DIAMINO DERIVATIVES
Taylor, Edward C.,Otiv, S. R.,Durucasu, Inci
, p. 1883 - 1895 (2007/10/02)
5-Deazapterins and pterins are readily converted to their 4-deoxy-4-amino derivatives (a lactam-to-amidine conversion) by reaction with 4-chlorophenyl phosphorodichloridate and 1,2,4-triazole to give intermediate 4- derivatives, followed by reaction with aqueous ammonia.Some anomalous results obtained by application of the Mitsunobu reaction (normally a lactam-to-lactim ether conversion) to 5-deazapterins are detailed.
