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154361-50-9

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154361-50-9 Usage

Indications and Uses

Capecitabine is a new form of oral fluorinated pyrimidine drug. Capecitabine was developed by Roche Pharmaceuticals, and its commercial name is Xeloda. Capecitabine can change in vivo into 5- FU, an anti-metabolizim fluorine pyrimidine deoxynucleoside carbamate drug that targets cancer cells to inhibit cell division and disrupt RNA and protein synthesis. Its effects are significantly tied to the level of TP enzyme expression in neoplastic tissue and to DPD enzyme in vivo expression. It is suitable as further treatment for advanced primary or metastatic breast cancer patients who have not responded to paclitaxel or anthracycline antibiotics. As an anticancer drug, it is mostly used to treat advanced primary or metastatic breast cancer, as well as in treatment for non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer, rectal cancer, colon cancer, gastric cancer, and other solid tumors. Many drugs such as taxanes (paclitaxel, docetaxel, mitomycin, cisplatin, etc.) can increase TP enzyme expression in neoplastic tissues and also have curative effects on gastric cancer. When used in combination with Capecitabine, these drugs can also improve Capecitabine’s anticancer abilities and produce synergistic effects.

Clinical trials

Analyses of nearly 400 randomized comparisons of clinical outcomes show that a combination of adriamycin, cisplatin or oxaliplatin with 5-FU, compared to a combination of these drugs with Capecitabine, has a two-fold difference in curative efficacy and lowers toxicty. A large-scale Chinese clinical trial of Capecitabine in combination with DDP in the treatment of stage II gastric cancer also proves its advantages of high efficacy, low toxicity, and affordability.

Drug interactions

Different sources of media describe the Drug interactions of 154361-50-9 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Currently, there are no side effects of clinical significance when used in combination with antihistamines, NSAIDs, morphine, paracetamol, aspirin, antiemetic drugs, and H2 receptor antagonist drugs. Capecitabine’s binding rate with serum protein is relatively low (64%), and its possibility of interacting through substitution with drugs that bind closely with proteins is currently unknown. In external experiments, Capecitabine has not shown any influence on human liver microsomal P450 enzyme. If any phenytoin and coumarin derivatives anticoagulants are used in combination with Capecitabine, dosages should be lowered.
2. Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs Allopurinol: avoid concomitant use. Anticoagulants: possibly enhances effect of coumarins. Antiepileptics: reported toxicity with fosphenytoin and phenytoin, due to increased phenytoin levels. Antipsychotics: avoid with clozapine - increased risk of agranulocytosis. Folic acid: toxicity of capecitabine increased - avoid.

Adverse effects

Common adverse reactions include nausea, vomiting, oral ulcers, abdominal pain, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and skin changes. There have also been reports of some patients experiencing transient myelosuppression, hair loss, tears, headache, and dizziness.

Warnings and precautions

Capecitabine is a bone marrow inhibitor; a blood exam must be administered before every usage to monitor blood cell and platelet count. This product poses toxic side effects to the liver, so liver functions must be routinely examined. Additionally, heart functions should also be monitored to prevent irreversible toxic reactions. If venous transfusion of the drug is required, the aforementioned organ functions should be tested for suitability before administration. Capecitabine may cause damage to embryos, thus making it unsuitable for pregnant women. Women using this drug are also not suitable for pregnancy. Even after treatment is ended, this drug may have some impact on fertility.

Description

Capecitabine is a new oral fluoropyrimidine carbamate for patients with advanced neoplastic disease, approved as Xeloda for the treatment of refractory metastatic breast cancer after failure on Paclitaxel and an anthracycline-based chemotherapy regimen ; it is a prodrug of doxifluridine (5-fluorouracil ; 5-FU) activated by a cascade of 3 enzymes concentrated in human liver and cancer tissue, resulting in the selective release of 5-FU at the tumor site and offering a prolonged tumour exposure to 5-FU. Oral Capecitabine passes intact through the intestinal mucosa, is converted first by carboxylesterase to 5'-deoxy-5- fluorocytidine in the liver, then by cytidine deaminase to 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine in the liver and tumour tissues and finally by thymidine phosphorylase to 5-FU in tumors. Therefore, Xeloda is much safer and more effective than 5-FU (for example, in the HCT116 human colon cancer and the MX-1 breast cancer xenograft .models).

Chemical Properties

Colourless solid

Originator

Roche (Switzerland)

Uses

Different sources of media describe the Uses of 154361-50-9 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. An antineoplastic agent. A prodrug of doxifluridine.
2. Capecitabine is an antineoplastic agent. Capecitabine is a prodrug of Doxifluridine (D556750).
3. An antiproliferative 5-fluorouracil releasing compound

Definition

ChEBI: A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted to its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agen used in the treatment of cancers.

Manufacturing Process

5-Deoxy-5-fluoro-N4-((n-pentyloxy)carbonyl)cytidine may be prepared according to US Patent No. 6,114,520.From 2',3'-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-5'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine and n-pentylchloroformate in dichloromethane and pyridine may be obtained 2',3'- bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-5'-deoxy-5-fluoro-N4-((pentyloxy)carbonyl) cytidine.From 2',3'-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-5'-deoxy-5-fluoro-N4- ((pentyloxy)carbonyl)cytidineand tetrabutylammonium fluoride in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature for 2 hours may be prepared the product which by hydrolyses may be converted to 5-deoxy-5-fluoro-N4- ((pentyloxy)carbonyl)cytidine. Purification of the product may be carried out by silica gel chromatography (using dichloromethane:methanol = 20:1 as an eluent).

Brand name

Xeloda (Roche).

Therapeutic Function

Antitumor

General Description

The drug is available in a 150- and 500-mg tablets for oraluse. This drug is a fluoropyrimidine carbamate prodrugform of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). It is used to treat breast cancerand colorectal cancer. The drug is converted to 5-FU bythe enzyme thymidine phosphorylase following esterase activity to hydrolyze the carbamate moiety and deamination.Capecitabine is readily absorbed by the GI tract, and peakplasma levels of 5-FU occur about 2 hours after oral administration.Indications, drug interactions, and toxicities areequivalent to those of 5-FU.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Capecitabine is an anti-cancer drug, a prodrug of doxifluridine, metabolized to 5-fluorouracil at the tumor site. The activation of capecitabine follows a pathway with three enzymatic steps and two intermediary metabolites, 5′-Deoxy-5-fluorocytidine (5′-DFCR) and 5′-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5′-DFUR), to form 5-fluorouracil.

Clinical Use

Capecitabine is indicated for use as first-line therapy in patients with colorectal cancer. It also is used alone or in combination with docetaxel in patients with metastatic breast cancer who have experienced disease progression or recurrence after anthracycline therapy. Given b.i.d. in tablet form, the total daily dose is calculated based on patient body surface area and is taken 30 minutes after eating to avoid food-induced decreases in absorption. In addition to bone marrow suppression, nausea, and vomiting, the drug can induce severe diarrhea and a potentially disabling disorder termed “hand-and-foot syndrome” (palmar-plantar erythrodysethesia). Capecitabine inhibits CYP2C9 and, along with competition for serum protein binding sites, results in clinically significant drug–drug interactions with both warfarin and phenytoin.

in vitro

in antiproliferative assays, both ls174t wt and ls174t-c2 cells were more sensitive to capecitabine when cultivated in the same plates as hepg2 hepatoma. in ls174t wt alone and cultivated with hepg2, ic50values of capecitabine were 890 ± 48 and 630 ± 14 μm respectively. the ic50fell from 330 ± 4 down to 89 ± 6 μmin ls174t-c2 subline when cultivated in the same plates as hepatoma cells.in the ls174t-c2 subclone, whereas little cell death occurred in cells exposed to capecitabine, both early and late apoptosis were increased by 244 and 262%, respectively [1]. furthermore, capecitabine induces apoptosis in a fas-dependent manner, and shows a 7-fold higher cytotoxicity and markedly stronger apoptotic potential in thymidine phosphorylase (tp)-transfected ls174t-c2 cells [2].

in vivo

capecitabine was effective in a wider dose range in cxf280, hct116, colo205, and widr human colon cancer xenograft models [2]. in highly metastatic nude mice model, capecitabine inhibited tumor growth and metastatic recurrence after resection of hcc attributed to the high expression of pd-ecgf in tumors [3].

Metabolism

Although capecitabine is a carbamylated analogue of cytidine , the drug actually is another 5-fluoro-dUMP prodrug. Given orally, it is extensively metabolized to fluorouracil, which is then converted to the active fluorinated deoxyribonucleotide as previously described. Thymidine phosphorylase, an enzyme involved in this biotransformation, is much more active in tumors than in normal tissue, which improves the tumor-selective generation of fluorouracil. Levels of active drug in the tumor can be up to 3.5-fold higher than in surrounding tissue, leading to a lower incidence of side effects compared to fluorouracil therapy. Because capecitabine is biotransformed to fluorouracil, it follows the same catabolic and elimination pathways reported for 5-fluorouracil.

references

[1]. ishikawa t, utoh m, sawada n, et al. tumor selective delivery of 5-fluorouracil by capecitabine, a new oral fluoropyrimidine carbamate, in human cancer xenografts[j]. biochemical pharmacology, 1998, 55(7): 1091-1097.[2]. ishikawa t, utoh m, sawada n, et al. tumor selective delivery of 5-fluorouracil by capecitabine, a new oral fluoropyrimidine carbamate, in human cancer xenografts[j]. biochemical pharmacology, 1998, 55(7): 1091-1097.[3]. zhou j, tang z y, fan j, et al. capecitabine inhibits postoperative recurrence and metastasis after liver cancer resection in nude mice with relation to the expression of platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor[j]. clinical cancer research, 2003, 9(16): 6030-6037.

Check Digit Verification of cas no

The CAS Registry Mumber 154361-50-9 includes 9 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 6 digits, 1,5,4,3,6 and 1 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 5 and 0 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 154361-50:
(8*1)+(7*5)+(6*4)+(5*3)+(4*6)+(3*1)+(2*5)+(1*0)=119
119 % 10 = 9
So 154361-50-9 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C9H12FN3O4/c1-3-5(14)6(15)8(17-3)13-2-4(10)7(11)12-9(13)16/h2-3,5-6,8,14-15H,1H3,(H2,11,12,16)/t3-,5-,6-,8-/m1/s1

154361-50-9 Well-known Company Product Price

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  • (Code)Product description
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  • Detail
  • TCI America

  • (C2878)  Capecitabine  >98.0%(HPLC)(T)

  • 154361-50-9

  • 1g

  • 580.00CNY

  • Detail
  • TCI America

  • (C2878)  Capecitabine  >98.0%(HPLC)(T)

  • 154361-50-9

  • 5g

  • 1,990.00CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma-Aldrich

  • (PHR1405)  Capecitabine  secondary pharmaceutical standard; traceable to USP, PhEur

  • 154361-50-9

  • PHR1405-1G

  • 862.41CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma-Aldrich

  • (Y0001642)  Capecitabine  European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard

  • 154361-50-9

  • Y0001642

  • 1,880.19CNY

  • Detail
  • USP

  • (1090706)  Capecitabine  United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard

  • 154361-50-9

  • 1090706-200MG

  • 4,647.24CNY

  • Detail

154361-50-9SDS

SAFETY DATA SHEETS

According to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) - Sixth revised edition

Version: 1.0

Creation Date: Aug 10, 2017

Revision Date: Aug 10, 2017

1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

Product name capecitabine

1.2 Other means of identification

Product number -
Other names RO-9-1978

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

Identified uses For industry use only.
Uses advised against no data available

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

Emergency phone number -
Service hours Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours).

More Details:154361-50-9 SDS

154361-50-9Synthetic route

N1-(2',3'-di-O-acetyl-5'-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-fluoro-N4-(pentyloxycarbonyl)cytosine
162204-20-8

N1-(2',3'-di-O-acetyl-5'-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-fluoro-N4-(pentyloxycarbonyl)cytosine

capecitabine
154361-50-9

capecitabine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: N1-(2',3'-di-O-acetyl-5'-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-fluoro-N4-(pentyloxycarbonyl)cytosine With water; sodium hydroxide In methanol at -15℃;
Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride In methanol; water at -15℃; pH=5;
98%
With potassium hydroxide In methanol at 0 - 15℃; for 1h; Reagent/catalyst;96.1%
With sodium hydroxide In methanol; water at -10 - 5℃; for 1h; Autoclave;87.5%
2',3'-bis-O-benzoyl-5'-deoxy-5-fluoro-N4-pentyloxycarbonyl cytidine

2',3'-bis-O-benzoyl-5'-deoxy-5-fluoro-N4-pentyloxycarbonyl cytidine

capecitabine
154361-50-9

capecitabine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide In methanol; water for 2h; Inert atmosphere;96%

154361-50-9Downstream Products

154361-50-9Relevant articles and documents

Synthesis of the antitumoral nucleoside capecitabine through a chemo-enzymatic approach

Ciceri, Samuele,Ciuffreda, Pierangela,Grisenti, Paride,Ferraboschi, Patrizia

, p. 5909 - 5913 (2015)

Capecitabine is a 5′-deoxynucleoside endowed with antitumoral activity. We planned a new approach to its synthesis: a cross linked enzyme aggregate subtilisin (Alcalase CLEA)-catalyzed alcoholysis allowed the selective deprotection of primary acetyl ester of the N1-(2′,3′,5′-tri-O-acetyl-β-d-ribofuranosyl)-5-fluoro-N4-(n-pentyloxycarbonyl)cytosine affording the corresponding 5′-hydroxyderivative; the 5′-alcohol was transformed into the methyl group of capecitabine after a careful investigation about the best reducing agent and reaction conditions.

Preparation of capecitabine intermediate

-

Paragraph 0025-0028, (2021/09/01)

The invention belongs to the field of medicine synthesis, and provides a preparation method of capecitabine intermediate, in particular to a compound of the formula I II in the presence of a ketone solvent and an organic base.

A capecitabine synthetic method

-

Paragraph 0020; 0023; 0026; 0027; 0029, (2018/06/21)

The invention belongs to the technical field of medicine preparation and relates to a synthetic method of capecitabine. The method comprises the following steps: 1) condensation reaction: reacting 2', 3'-bi-O-acetyl-5'-deoxy-5-fluoro-cytidine with halo n-amyl formate in the presence of an acid applying agent and a dimethylamino-pyridine catalyst to prepare N-pentyloxy carbonyl-2' 3'-bi-O-actyl-5'-deoxy-5-fluoro-cytidine; and 2) hydrolysis reaction: carrying out hydrolysis reaction on N-pentyloxy carbonyl-2' 3'-bi-O-actyl-5'-deoxy-5-fluoro-cytidine in the presence of an inorganic base to prepare the final product capecitabine. Compared with the prior art, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that by taking the inorganic base as the acid applying agent, use of a lot of organic bases is avoided and therefore the yield is improved, the production cost lowered, the environmental pollution is reduced, the physical health of the worker is ensured, and industrial production is facilitated.

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