15546-08-4

Usage

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical and Agrochemical Industries:
2-Oxazolidinone, 4-(hydroxymethyl)is used as a building block for the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Its unique structure allows it to be incorporated into a wide range of molecules, enhancing their therapeutic or pesticidal properties.
Used in Polymer Chemistry:
In the field of polymer chemistry, 2-Oxazolidinone, 4-(hydroxymethyl)is utilized as a monomer in the production of polymers and resins. Its incorporation into polymer chains can impart specific characteristics, such as improved strength, flexibility, or chemical resistance.
Used in Organic Synthesis and Chemical Research:
2-Oxazolidinone, 4-(hydroxymethyl)also serves as a solvent or reagent in organic synthesis and chemical research. Its reactivity and stability make it a valuable component in various chemical reactions and processes, contributing to the advancement of scientific knowledge and the development of new materials and compounds.

Upstream product

• 56-81-5 glycerol 
• 57-13-6 urea 

Downstream Products

• 132682-23-6 (4R)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one 
• 144542-44-9 (4S)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one 
• 97899-36-0 2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-ylmethyl p-toluenesulfonate 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Cu-Mn composite oxides: Highly efficient and reusable acid-base catalysts for the carbonylation reaction of glycerol with urea

A series of Cu-Mn composite oxides were prepared by co-precipitation. Interestingly, catalysts with varied Cu/Mn molar ratios showed different catalytic performances for glycerol carbonylation. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of CO2 and NH3 and temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) technology. The results showed that the Cu1.4Mn1.6O4 crystal phase is the active component of the catalysts for the carbonylation of glycerol, this phase can effectively provide Mn4+ and lattice oxygen (O2-), and the existence of the Mn4+-O2- Lewis acid-base pair can promote the formation of glycerol carbonate. Various reaction parameters, such as reaction temperature, time, the molar ratio of glycerol to urea and the amount of catalysts, are studied. Under optimizing reaction conditions, the conversion of glycerol is 91.0% with 99.1% glycerol carbonate selectivity.

Investigation of glycerolysis of urea over various ZnMeO (Me = Co, Cr, and Fe) mixed oxide catalysts

In this study, we investigated the glycerolysis of urea over various ZnMeO (Me = Co, Cr, and Fe) mixed oxide catalysts. ZnMeO mixed oxide catalysts were prepared by a co-precipitation method for two Zn/Me ratios, resulting in Zn-rich mixed oxide (Zn2MeO) and Zn-poor mixed oxide (ZnMe2O). In the glycerolysis of urea, the Zn2MeO catalysts exhibited higher glycerol conversion and glycerol carbonate yields than the ZnMe2O catalysts due to the predominance of homogeneous catalysis through Zn isocyanate (NCO) complexes from the Zn2MeO catalysts. Specifically, Zn2CrO was the best catalyst, with the highest yield of glycerol carbonate. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results of the spent catalysts clearly demonstrated the dominant formation of a solid Zn NCO complex over the spent Zn2CrO catalyst, a unique feature indicating that the better catalytic performance of Zn2CrO was due to the additional heterogeneous reaction route through the solid Zn NCO complex.

Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and urea with gold-based catalysts

The reaction of glycerol with urea to form glycerol carbonate is mostly reported in the patent literature and to date there have been very few fundamental studies of the reaction mechanism. Furthermore, most previous studies have involved homogeneous catalysts whereas the identification of heterogeneous catalysts for this reaction would be highly beneficial. This is a very attractive reaction that utilises two inexpensive and readily available raw materials in a chemical cycle that overall, results in the chemical fixation of CO2. This reaction also provides a route to up-grade waste glycerol produced in large quantities during the production of biodiesel. Previous reports are largely based on the utilisation of high concentrations of metal sulfates or oxides, which suffer from low intrinsic activity and selectivity. We have identified heterogeneous catalysts based on gallium, zinc, and gold supported on a range of oxides and the zeolite ZSM-5, which facilitate this reaction. The addition of each component to ZSM-5 leads to an increase in the reaction yield towards glycerol carbonate, but supported gold catalysts display the highest activity. For gold-based catalysts, MgO is the support of choice. Catalysts have been characterised by XRD, TEM, STEM and XPS, and the reaction has been studied with time-on-line analysis of products via a combination of FT-IR spectroscopy, HPLC, 13C NMR and GC-MS analysis to evaluate the reaction pathway. Our proposed mechanism suggests that glycerol carbonate forms via the cyclization of a 2,3-dihydroxypropyl carbamate and that a subsequent reaction of glycerol carbonate with urea yields the carbamate of glycerol carbonate. Stability and reactivity studies indicate that consecutive reactions of glycerol carbonate can limit the selectivity achieved and reaction conditions can be selected to avoid this. The effect of the catalyst in the proposed mechanism is discussed.

An accelerated route of glycerol carbonate formation from glycerol using waste boiler ash as catalyst

Waste boiler ash was successfully utilised as catalyst for the direct synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and urea. A series of catalysts were prepared using various calcination temperatures. The physico-chemical properties of the catalysts have been investigated by using XRD, BET, TGA, FESEM-EDX, ICP-MS, Hammett test and CO2-TPD. From the study it was found that boiler ash had significant catalytic activity towards conversion of glycerol into glycerol carbonate. It is believed that the potassium metal ion which detaches from potassium silicate had a major impact on the catalytic data where the potassium ion being a weak Lewis acid causes selective catalytic transformation of glycerol into glycerol carbonate. The mechanistic pathway through glycerol carbamate intermediate was confirmed through time online analysis study using 13C-NMR and ATR-FTIR, respectively. However, the selective transformation of glycerol carbamate into glycerol carbonate is reported to be different where it is formed in an accelerated manner. The highest catalytic activity resulted in an average percentage of 93.6 ± 0.4% glycerol conversion, 90.1 ± 1.0% glycerol carbonate selectivity and 84.3 ± 1.1% glycerol carbonate yield. Besides, for the first time the novel idea of using waste material, specifically boiler ash, is proposed as a catalyst for synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and urea. The current research employed suggests an alternative route for proper disposal of waste boiler ash.