156780-52-8Relevant articles and documents
Palladium- and copper-mediated direct C-2 arylation of azoles - Including free (NH)-imidazole, -benzimidazole and -indole - Under base-free and ligandless conditions
Bellina, Fabio,Cauteruccio, Silvia,Rossi, Renzo
, p. 1379 - 1382 (2006)
The first palladium- and copper-mediated C-2 arylations of thiazole, oxazole, N-methylimidazole and N-arylimidazoles, as well as of free (NH)-imidazole, -benzimidazole and -indole, with aryl iodides under ligandless and base-free conditions are described. Complete selectivity has been achieved under these unprecedented conditions, which allow the use of substrates containing base-sensitive groups, such the NH groups of imidazole, benzimidazole or indole, without their prior protection. No N-arylation products were detected in the arylation of free (NH)-imidazole, -benzimidazole and -indole. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006.
Efficient and highly regioselective direct C-2 arylation of azoles, including free (NH)-imidazole, -benzimidazole and -indole, with aryl halides
Bellina, Fabio,Calandri, Chiara,Cauteruccio, Silvia,Rossi, Renzo
, p. 1970 - 1980 (2007)
The Pd- and Cu-mediated reaction of a large variety of π-electron sufficient heteroarenes, which include free (NH)-imidazoles, -benzimidazole and -indole, with aryl iodides under ligandless and base-free conditions provides regioselectively the required 2-arylheterocycle derivatives in high yields. 2-Aryl-1-phenyl-1H-imidazoles can also be prepared by a one-pot domino HALEX and Pd- and Cu-mediated arylation reactions of 1-phenyl-1H-imidazole with activated and unactivated aryl bromides under base-free and ligandless conditions. The protocol for the synthesis of 2-arylazoles involving the use of aryl iodides has been found to be suitable for the efficient preparation of three bioactive compounds and a key intermediate in the synthesis of a heparanase inhibitor.
PdII-Catalyzed Regio- and Enantioselective Oxidative C?H/C?H Cross-Coupling Reaction between Ferrocenes and Azoles
Cai, Zhong-Jian,Liu, Chen-Xu,Gu, Qing,Zheng, Chao,You, Shu-Li
supporting information, p. 2149 - 2153 (2019/01/24)
Asymmetric C?H bond functionalization reaction is one of the most efficient and straightforward methods for the synthesis of optically active molecules. Herein we disclose an asymmetric C?H/C?H cross-coupling reaction of ferrocenes with azoles such as oxazoles and thiazoles. Palladium(II)/monoprotected amino acid (MPAA) catalytic system which exhibits excellent reactivity and regioselectivity for oxazoles and thiazoles. This method offers a powerful strategy for constructing planar chiral ferrocenes. Mechanistic studies suggest that the C?H bond cleavage of azoles is likely proceeding through a SEAr process and may not be a turnover limiting step.
Reaction Conditions for the Regiodivergent Direct Arylations at C2- or C5-Positions of Oxazoles using Phosphine-Free Palladium Catalysts
Shi, Xinzhe,Soulé, Jean-Fran?ois,Doucet, Henri
, p. 4748 - 4760 (2019/09/12)
Two sets of reaction conditions for the regiodivergent C2- or C5- direct arylations of oxazole are reported. In both cases, phosphine-free catalysts and inexpensive bases were employed allowing the access to the arylated oxazoles in moderate to high yields. Using Pd(OAc)2/KOAc as catalyst and base, regioselective C5-arylations were observed; whereas, using Pd(acac)2/Cs2CO3 system, the arylation occurred at the C2-position of oxazole. The higher reactivity of C5-H bond of oxazole as compared to the C2-H bond in the presence of Pd(OAc)2/KOAc system is consistent with a concerted metalation deprotonation mechanism; whereas the C2-arylation likely occurs via a simple base deprotonation of the oxazole C2-position. Then, from these C2- or C5-arylated oxazoles, a second palladium-catalyzed direct C?H bond arylation affords 2,5-diaryloxazoles with two different aryl groups. We also applied these sequential arylations to the straightforward synthesis of 2-arylphenanthro[9,10-d]oxazoles via three C?H bond functionalization steps. The Ru-catalyzed C?H arylation of the aryl unit of 2-aryloxazoles is also described. (Figure presented.).