15706-73-7Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Nematicidal activity of natural ester compounds and their analogues against pine wood nematode, bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Seo, Seon-Mi,Kim, Junheon,Koh, Sang-Hyun,Ahn, Young-Joon,Park, Il-Kwon
, p. 9103 - 9108 (2015/03/14)
In this study, we evaluated the nematicidal activity of natural ester compounds against the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, to identify candidates for the development of novel, safe nematicides. We also tested the nematicidal activity of synthesized analogues of these ester compounds to determine the structure-activity relationship. Among 28 ester compounds tested, isobutyl 2-methylbutanoate, 3-methylbutyl 2-methylbutanoate, 3-methylbutyl tiglate, 3-methyl-2-butenyl 2- methylbutanoate, and pentyl 2-methylbutanoate showed strong nematicidal activity against the pine wood nematode at a 1 mg/ mL concentration. The other ester compounds showed weak nematicidal activity. The LC50 values of 3-methylbutyl tiglate, isobutyl 2-methylbutanoate, 3-methylbutyl 2-methylbutanoate, 3-methyl-2-butenyl 2-methylbutanoate, and pentyl 2- methylbutanoate were 0.0218, 0.0284, 0.0326, 0.0402, and 0.0480 mg/mL, respectively. The ester compounds described herein merit further study as potential nematicides for pine wood nematode control.
Palladium-catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of alkyl and aryl indium reagents with CO under mild conditions
Zhao, Yingsheng,Jin, Liqun,Li, Peng,Lei, Aiwen
supporting information; body text, p. 9429 - 9433 (2009/02/03)
CO now can react with organoindium reagents. A novel palladium-catalyzed oxidative carbonylation reaction of organoindium reagents by CO gas with desyl chloride as oxidant was developed in supplementation with the classical methods for preparation of carboxylic acid derivatives. Primary, secondary alkyl indium reagents with β-hydrogens and aryl indium reagents were suitable substrates, and the reaction could be carried out at 60°C under 50 psi CO. Carbonylation of alkyl indium reagents can occur smoothly without additional base. Although the indium reagents were prepared from corresponding Grignard reagents (at low temperature), they displayed full compatibility with various functional groups under the protic reaction conditions. Preliminary mechanistic studies including stoichiometric and catalytic reaction examination provided evidence to support the operation of the mechanism consisted of oxidative addition of deslyl chloride to Pd(0) and quick tautomerization to give a palladium enolate species II (ROPdCl), displacement of the enolate group in II by R2OH, followed by CO insertion to give alkoxycarbonyl palladium complex V, which undergoes transmetalation with R13ln and reductive elimination to afford the product and a Pd(0) species. In this mechanism, the alkoxycarbonyl group was transferred to the palladium center prior to the alkyl group, different from traditional ways initiated from oxidative addition of alkyl halides to a Pd(0) species.
Iridium-catalyzed oxidative esterification reaction of aliphatic aldehydes and olefinic alcohols with precoordination of the double bond of alcohols to iridium
Kiyooka, Syun-Ichi,Ueno, Mahuyu,Ishii, Eri
, p. 4639 - 4642 (2007/10/03)
A novel iridium-catalyzed oxidative esterification reaction of aliphatic aldehydes and olefinic alcohols in toluene was found under mild conditions of [IrCl(cod)]2 (5 mol %) in combination with K2CO 3 (10 mol %) at rt.
Tetramethylammonium phenyltrialkylborates in the photoinduced electron transfer reaction with benzophenone. Generation of alkyl radicals and their addition to activated alkenes
Polykarpov, Alexander Y.,Neckers, Douglas C.
, p. 5483 - 5486 (2007/10/02)
Photoinduced one electron oxidation of tetramethylammonium phenyltrialkylborates by the excited state of benzophenone in an acetonitrile/benzene solution containing an excess of activated alkene produces substantially more than one equivalent of the alkyl radicals. The corresponding adducts of alkyl radicals to the alkenes are produced in good yields. No phenyl radical adducts are observed.
Quarternary Ammonium Salts for Butylation and Mass Spectral Identification of Volatile Organic Acids
Burke, Daniel G.,Halpern, Berthold
, p. 822 - 826 (2007/10/02)
The esterification method described by Greeley (J.Chromatogr. 1974, 88, 229) was modified to overcome the problem of volatile acid evaporation during sample workup procedures.After solvent extraction from an aqueous sample, the acids were converted to their butyl ester derivatives in a two step process.Firstly, an involatile quarternary ammonium salts was formed which allowed concentration by solvent evaporation without loss of volatile acids.The acid salts were then converted to butyl esters by heating in the presence of n-butyl bromide and the esters were separated on a support- coated open tabular (SCOT) OV17 capillary column.The recovery and butylation yield were shown to be quantitative for isobutyric acid and the linearities and limits of detection are given for the five C4-C5 aliphatic acids.The mass spectra of butyl esters contain abundant rearrangement ions not present in methyl, ethyl, trimethylsilyl, or aryl esters which enable their rapid identification.The method was applied to the analysis of volatile urinary acids from a patient with Maple Syrup Urine Disease and showed conclusively the presence of both 2-methylbutyric and isovaleric acids.
