1590412-18-2Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Dormant versus evolving aminopalladated intermediates: Toward a unified mechanistic scenario in PdII-catalyzed aminations
Rajabi, Jamshid,Lorion, Melanie M.,Ly, Vu Linh,Liron, Frederic,Oble, Julie,Prestat, Guillaume,Poli, Giovanni
supporting information, p. 1539 - 1546 (2014/03/21)
PdII-catalyzed alkene aminopalladation and allylic Ci￡H activation are two competing reaction sequences sharing the same reaction conditions. This study aimed at understanding the factors that bias one or the other path in the intramolecular oxidative cyclization of two types of N-tosyl amidoalkenes. The results obtained are in accord with the initial generation of a high-energy cyclic (5- or 6-membered) aminopalladated intermediate. However, this latter species can evolve only if the following specific conditions are met: the availability of distocyclic β-H elimination pathway, the presence of a strong terminal oxidant, or the availability of a carbopalladation pathway. Conversely, the cyclic alkylpalladium complex is only a latent species in equilibrium with the initial substrate and cannot evolve. Such a reactivity hurdle leaves the way open for alternative reactivities such as allylic Ci￡H activation of the olefinic substrate to generate a η3-allyl complex followed by its interception by the nitrogen nucleophile, [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement, or decomposition. This study proposes a unifying mechanistic picture that connects these competing mechanisms. Asleep or awake? Unsaturated N nucleophiles react through two competing pathways under PdII catalysis: Ci￡H allylic activation and aminopalladation. New data are in accord with the initial generation of a high-energy cyclic aminopalladated intermediate (API) that can either evolve along different pathways such as β-H elimination, oxidation, or carbopalladation, or lay dormant, the latter leading to alternative types of reactivity, such as allylic Ci￡H activation or [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement, gaining the upper hand (see scheme; Ts=p-toluenesulfonyl). Copyright
