159490-55-8Relevant academic research and scientific papers
The Effects of Prodrug Size and a Carbonyl Linker on l-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1-Targeted Cellular and Brain Uptake
Venteicher, Brooklynn,Merklin, Kasey,Ngo, Huy X.,Chien, Huan-Chieh,Hutchinson, Keino,Campbell, Jerome,Way, Hannah,Griffith, Joseph,Alvarado, Cesar,Chandra, Surabhi,Hill, Evan,Schlessinger, Avner,Thomas, Allen A.
supporting information, p. 869 - 880 (2020/12/15)
The l-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1, SLC7A5) imports dietary amino acids and amino acid drugs (e. g., l-DOPA) into the brain, and plays a role in cancer metabolism. Though there have been numerous reports of LAT1-targeted amino acid-drug conjugates (prodrugs), identifying the structural determinants to enhance substrate activity has been challenging. In this work, we investigated the position and orientation of a carbonyl group in linking hydrophobic moieties including the anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen to l-tyrosine and l-phenylalanine. We found that esters of meta-carboxyl l-phenylalanine had better LAT1 transport rates than the corresponding acylated l-tyrosine analogues. However, as the size of the hydrophobic moiety increased, we observed a decrease in LAT1 transport rate with a concomitant increase in potency of inhibition. Our results have important implications for designing amino acid prodrugs that target LAT1 at the blood-brain barrier or on cancer cells.
A comparative study on the photo-induced arylation of β-dicarbonyl compounds by arylazosulfides and its use in the synthesis of methyl labeled 2-arylpropionic acids
Tona, Merce,Sanchez-Baeza, Francisco,Messeguer, Angel
, p. 8117 - 8126 (2007/10/02)
A comparative study on the arylation of β-dicarbonyl derivatives (acetylacetone, methyl acetoacetate and dimethyl malonate) by using the photo-induced decomposition of arylazosulfides is presented. The arylazosulfides used contained the aryl moieties related to Ketoprofen or Ibuprofen and the reaction was performed following the procedure reported by Dell'Erba et al. (Tetrahedron, 1991, 47, 333). From the arylazosulfides assayed, only those bearing a carbonyl group attached to the benzene ring, i.e. 1 and 11, afforded the corresponding arylation adducts in satisfactory yields. Concerning the β-dicarbonyl derivatives, condensation of acetylacetone in the case of 1 and of dimethyl malonate in that of 11 gave the best results. However, the further methylation of the aryl β-dicarbonyl adduct was clearly advantageous for the case of the 2-arylmalonate derivatives. The use of this synthetic strategy for the convenient preparation of Ketoprofen (23% overall yield, 7 steps from 3-nitrobenzophenone) and Ibuprofen (34% overall yield, 8 steps from 4-isobutyrylbenzene) isotopomers labeled at the methyl group at C-2 is also reported.
