1607007-23-7Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Deconstructing Noncovalent Kelch-like ECH-Associated Protein 1 (Keap1) Inhibitors into Fragments to Reconstruct New Potent Compounds
Pallesen, Jakob S.,Narayanan, Dilip,Tran, Kim T.,Solbak, Sara M. ?.,Marseglia, Giuseppe,S?rensen, Louis M. E.,H?j, Lars J.,Munafò, Federico,Carmona, Rosa M. C.,Garcia, Anthony D.,Desu, Haritha L.,Brambilla, Roberta,Johansen, Tommy N.,Popowicz, Grzegorz M.,Sattler, Michael,Gajhede, Michael,Bach, Anders
, p. 4623 - 4661 (2021/05/07)
Targeting the protein-protein interaction (PPI) between nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) is a potential therapeutic strategy to control diseases involving oxidative stress. Here, six classes of known small-molecule Keap1-Nrf2 PPI inhibitors were dissected into 77 fragments in a fragment-based deconstruction reconstruction (FBDR) study and tested in four orthogonal assays. This gave 17 fragment hits of which six were shown by X-ray crystallography to bind in the Keap1 Kelch binding pocket. Two hits were merged into compound 8 with a 220-380-fold stronger affinity (Ki = 16 μM) relative to the parent fragments. Systematic optimization resulted in several novel analogues with Ki values of 0.04-0.5 μM, binding modes determined by X-ray crystallography, and enhanced microsomal stability. This demonstrates how FBDR can be used to find new fragment hits, elucidate important ligand-protein interactions, and identify new potent inhibitors of the Keap1-Nrf2 PPI.
Binding mode and structure-activity relationships around direct inhibitors of the Nrf2-Keap1 complex
Jnoff, Eric,Albrecht, Claudia,Barker, John J.,Barker, Oliver,Beaumont, Edward,Bromidge, Steven,Brookfield, Frederick,Brooks, Mark,Bubert, Christian,Ceska, Tom,Corden, Vincent,Dawson, Graham,Duclos, Stephanie,Fryatt, Tara,Genicot, Christophe,Jigorel, Emilie,Kwong, Jason,Maghames, Rosemary,Mushi, Innocent,Pike, Richard,Sands, Zara A.,Smith, Myron A.,Stimson, Christopher C.,Courade, Jean-Philippe
, p. 699 - 705 (2014/05/06)
An X-ray crystal structure of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein (Keap1) co-crystallised with (1S,2R)-2-[(1S)-1-[(1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-2-yl) methyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-carbonyl]cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid (compound (S,R,S)-1 a) was obtained. This X-ray crystal structure provides breakthrough experimental evidence for the true binding mode of the hit compound (S,R,S)-1 a, as the ligand orientation was found to differ from that of the initial docking model, which was available at the start of the project. Crystallographic elucidation of this binding mode helped to focus and drive the drug design process more effectively and efficiently. To dock or not to dock? Nrf2 has become an attractive neuroprotective target, as the Nrf2 pathway provides a natural cell defense mechanism against damage. Targeting its physiological negative modulator Keap1 with small molecules may allow Nrf2 to play its protective role. To this end, an X-ray structure of Keap1 co-crystallised with compound (S,R,S)-1 a was obtained, elucidating its binding mode, which in turn helped to drive the drug design process.
