16369-12-3Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Electrochemistry for biofuel generation: Transformation of fatty acids and triglycerides to diesel-like olefin/ether mixtures and olefins
Dos Santos, Tatiane R.,Harnisch, Falk,Nilges, Peter,Schr?der, Uwe
, p. 886 - 893 (2015/06/02)
Abstract Electroorganic synthesis can be exploited for the production of biofuels from fatty acids and triglycerides. With Coulomb efficiencies (CE) of up to 50%, the electrochemical decarboxylation of fatty acids in methanolic and ethanolic solutions leads to the formation of diesel-like olefin/ether mixtures. Triglycerides can be directly converted in aqueous solutions by using sonoelectrochemistry, with olefins as the main products (with a CE of more than 20%). The latter reaction, however, is terminated at around 50% substrate conversion by the produced side-product glycerol. An energy analysis shows that the electrochemical olefin synthesis can be an energetically competitive, sustainable, and - in comparison with established processes - economically feasible alternative for the exploitation of fats and oils for biofuel production. From fat to fuel: Electrochemical decarboxylation of fatty acids and triglycerides leads to the formation of olefins and ethers (see scheme). This electroorganic synthesis is an energetically competitive, sustainable, and economically feasible alternative for the exploitation of fats and oils for biofuel production.
Catalytic deoxygenation of oleic acid in continuous gas flow for the production of diesel-like hydrocarbons
Arend, Matthias,Nonnen, Thomas,Hoelderich, Wolfgang F.,Fischer, Jürgen,Groos, Jeremie
experimental part, p. 198 - 204 (2012/02/02)
Continuous gas phase deoxygenation of oleic acid in the presence of hydrogen employing a granular 2 wt% Pd/C catalyst was investigated under solvent free conditions. Conversion of oleic acid and selectivity to the desired diesel-like C17 hydrocarbons heptadecane and heptadecenes was studied at different reaction conditions such as temperature, gas flow and catalyst amount. The best hydrocarbon yield was achieved with low reaction temperatures, high catalyst amounts and high hydrogen flows. To further decrease the reaction temperature but yet maintain a pure gas phase reaction, reactions were conducted in vacuum. Furthermore, water was added in varying amounts to support desorption and to determine if catalyst deactivation could be overcome. The deoxygenation catalyst was characterized by nitrogen adsorption isotherms (BET; Brunauer-Emmet-Teller method), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM).
