1637-45-2Relevant articles and documents
Insight into the Alkaline Stability of N-Heterocyclic Ammonium Groups for Anion-Exchange Polyelectrolytes
Chen, Nanjun,Fan, Jiantao,Hu, Chuan,Jin, Yiqi,Lee, Young Moo,Li, Hui,Liu, Haijun,Wu, Bo,Xu, Shaoyi
supporting information, p. 19272 - 19280 (2021/07/25)
The alkaline stability of N-heterocyclic ammonium (NHA) groups is a critical topic in anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) and AEM fuel cells (AEMFCs). Here, we report a systematic study on the alkaline stability of 24 representative NHA groups at different hydration numbers (λ) at 80 °C. The results elucidate that γ-substituted NHAs containing electron-donating groups display superior alkaline stability, while electron-withdrawing substituents are detrimental to durable NHAs. Density-functional-theory calculations and experimental results suggest that nucleophilic substitution is the dominant degradation pathway in NHAs, while Hofmann elimination is the primary degradation pathway for NHA-based AEMs. Different degradation pathways determine the alkaline stability of NHAs or NHA-based AEMs. AEMFC durability (from 1 A cm?2 to 3 A cm?2) suggests that NHA-based AEMs are mainly subjected to Hofmann elimination under 1 A cm?2 current density for 1000 h, providing insights into the relationship between current density, λ value, and durability of NHA-based AEMs.
GROUP 8 TRANSITION METAL CATALYSTS AND METHOD FOR MAKING SAME AND PROCESS FOR USE OF SAME IN OLEFIN DISPROPORTIONATION REACTIONS
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Page/Page column 34-35; 38, (2017/12/09)
These catalyst compounds are represented by the formula (I and VI): wherein M is a Group 8 metal; X is an anionic ligand; L is a neutral two-electron donor ligand; A is a monotopic or ditopic chelating ligand. The present invention also relates to an easy applicable catalyst synthesis and the application in different olefin metathesis processes, e.g. Reaction Injection Molding (RIM), rotational molding, vacuum infusion, vacuum forming, process for conversion of fatty acids and fatty acid esters or mixtures thereof, in -olefins, dicarboxylic acids or dicarboxylic esters, etc.
Rearrangements of 1,6,7-Trisubstituted 2-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinium 2-Methylides
Sato, Yoshiro,Shirai, Naohiro,Machida, Yoshio,Ito, Emiko,Yasui, Takayo,et al.
, p. 6711 - 6716 (2007/10/02)
Chemical behavior of 1,6,7-trisubstituted 2-methy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinium 2-methylides 4 was investigated in fluoride-ion induced desilation reaction of 1,6,7-trisubstituted 2-methyl-2-(trimethylsilyl)methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinium iodid