16382-45-9

Upstream product

• 1215-59-4 5-benzyloxy-1H-indole 
• 79-37-8 oxalyl dichloride 
• 2439-68-1 5-benzyloxy-1-methylindole 

Downstream Products

• 941575-96-8 C₂₀H₁₉NO₄ 
• 125313-90-8 3-(5-benzyloxy-1-methyl-3-indolyl)-4-(1-methyl-3-indolyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione 
• 941575-83-3 3-(benzofuran-3-yl)-4-(5-benzyloxy-1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)pyrrole-2,5-dione 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Structure-based design leads to the identification of lithium mimetics that block mania-like effects in rodents. Possible new GSK-3β therapies for bipolar disorders

More than two million American adults, or approximately one percent of the population 18 years or older, suffer from bipolar disorder. Current treatments include the so-called "mood stabilizers," lithium and valproic acid. Both are relatively dated drugs that are only partially effective and produce various undesirable side effects including weight gain. Based upon continued efforts to understand the molecular target for lithium, it now appears that specific inhibitors of the enzyme glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) may mimic the therapeutic action of mood stabilizers and might therefore allow for the design of improved drugs for treating patients with bipolar disorder as well as certain neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, the pro-apoptotic properties of the GSK-3 enzyme suggest the possible use of such inhibitors as neuroprotective agents. In fact, neuroprotection may contribute to the treatment of mood disorders. The present chemistry, modeling, and biology efforts have identified 3-benzofuranyl-4-indolylmaleimides as potent and relatively selective GSK-3β inhibitors. The best ligand in this series (having a Ki value of 4.6 nM against GSK-3β) was studied in a novel mouse model of mania that has recently been validated with several clinically effective mood stabilizers. This study presents the first demonstration of the efficacy of a GSK-3β inhibitor in this mouse model of mania. Selective brain penetrable GSK-3 ligands like those described herein become valuable research tools in better defining the role of this multifaceted kinase in both physiological and pathophysiological events.

Serotonergic alpha-oxoacetamides

α-Oxoacetamides of the formula R 1 C(O)C(O)NR 2 R 3 in which R 1 is optionally substituted phenyl, 1-indolyl, 2,3-dihydro-1-indolyl, 1-benzimidazolidinonyl, 3-benzofuranyl, 3-benzothiophenyl, 3-indolyl, and 1,2-alkano-3-indolyl; R 2 is selected from: STR1 and R 3 is selected from hydrogen or lower alkyl; and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, individual isomers, mixtures of isomers, processes for preparation, compositions, and methods of use thereof.

Inhibitors of Protein Kinase C. 1. 2,3-Bisarylmaleimides

The design and synthesis of a series of novel inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) is described.These 2,3-bisarylmaleimides were derived from the structural lead provided by the indolocarbazoles, staurosporine and K252a.Optimum activity required the imide NH, both carbonyl groups, and the olefinic bond of the maleimide ring. 2,3-Bisindolylmaleimides were the most active, and the potency of these was improved by a chloro substituent at the 5-position of one indole ring (compound 28, IC50 0.11 μM).In a series of (phenylindolyl)maleimides, nitro compound 74 was most active (IC50 0.67 μM).Naphthalene 19 and benzothiophene 21 showed greater than 100-fold selectivity for inhibition of PKC over the closely related cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA).