164083-65-2Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Structure-based design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of indomethacin derivatives as cyclooxygenase-2 inhibiting nitric oxide donors
Wey, Shiow-Jyi,Augustyniak, Michael E.,Cochran, Edward D.,Ellis, James L.,Fang, Xinqin,Garvey, David S.,Janero, David R.,Letts, L. Gordon,Martino, Allison M.,Melim, Terry L.,Murty, Madhavi G.,Richardson, Steward K.,Schroeder, Joseph D.,Selig, William M.,Trocha, A. Mark,Wexler, Roseanne S.,Young, Delano V.,Zemtseva, Irina S.,Zifcak, Brian M.
, p. 6367 - 6382 (2008/03/27)
Indomethacin, a nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, was modified in three distinct regions in an attempt both to increase cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selectivity and to enhance drug safety by covalent attachment of an organic nitrate moiety as a nitric oxide donor. A human whole-blood COX assay shows the modifications on the 3-acetic acid part of the indomethacin yielding an amide-nitrate derivative 32 and a sulfonamide-nitrate derivative 61 conferred COX-2 selectivity. Along with their respective des-nitrate analogs, for example, 31 and 62, the nitrates 32 and 61 were effective antiinflammatory agents in the rat air-pouch model. After oral dosing, though, only 32 increased nitrate and nitrite levels in rat plasma, indicating that its nitrate tether served as a nitric oxide donor in vivo. In a rat gastric injury model, examples 31 and 32 both show a 98% reduction in gastric lesion score compared to that of indomethacin. In addition, the nitrated derivative 32 inducing 85% fewer gastric lesions when coadministered with aspirin as compared to the combination of aspirin and valdecoxib.
2-METHYL INDOLE CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 SELECTIVE INHIBITORS, COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF USE
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Page/Page column 100, (2010/11/23)
The invention describes compositions and kits comprising 2-methyl indole cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) selective inhibitors or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and, optionally, at least one nitric oxide enhancing compound and/or at least one therapeutic agent. The 2-methyl indole cyclooxygenase 2 selective inhibitors can be optionally substituted with at least one nitric oxide enhancing group. The invention also provides methods for (a) treating inflammation, pain and fever; (b) treating gastrointestinal disorders and/or improving the gastrointestinal properties of COX-2 selective inhibitors; (c) facilitating wound healing; (d) treating renal and/or respiratory toxicities; (e) treating disorders resulting from elevated levels of cyclooxygenase-2; (f) improving the cardiovascular profile of COX-2 selective inhibitors; (g) treating diseases resulting from oxidative stress; (h) treating endothelial dysfunctions; (j) treating diseases caused by endothelial dysfunctions; (k) treating inflammatory disease states and/or disorders; (1) treating ophthalmic disorders; and (m) treating peripheral vascular diseases. The nitric oxide enhancing groups are organic nitrates, organic nitrites, nitrosothiols, thionitrites, thionitrates, NONOates, heterocyclic nitric oxide donors and/or nitroxides. The heterocyclic nitric oxide donors are furoxans, sydnonimines, oxatriazole-5-ones and/or oxatriazole-5-imines.
1H-INDOLE-3-ACETAMIDE SPLA2 INHIBITORS
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, (2008/06/13)
A class of novel 1-indole-3-acetamides represented by the formula; is disclosed together with the use of such indole compounds for inhibiting sPLA2 mediated release of fatty acids.
Indole inhibitors of human nonpancreatic secretory phospholipase A2. 1. Indole-3-acetamides
Dillard, Robert D.,Bach, Nicholas J.,Draheim, Susan E.,Berry, Dennis R.,Carlson, Donald G.,Chirgadze, Nickolay Y.,Clawson, David K.,Hartley, Lawrence W.,Johnson, Lea M.,Jones, Noel D.,McKinney, Emma R.,Mihelich, Edward D.,Olkowski, Jennifer L.,Schevitz, Richard W.,Smith, Amy C.,Snyder, David W.,Sommers, Cynthia D.,Wery, Jean-Pierre
, p. 5119 - 5136 (2007/10/03)
Phospholipases (PLAs) produce rate-limiting precursors in the biosynthesis of various types of biologically active lipids involved in inflammatory processes. Increased levels of human nonpancreatic secretory phospholipase A2 (hnps-PLA2) have been detected in several pathological conditions. An inhibitor of this enzyme could have therapeutic utility. A broad screening program was carried out to identify chemical structures which could inhibit hnps-PLA2. One of the lead compounds generated by the screening program was 5-methoxy-2-methyl-1-(phenylmethyl)-1H-indole-3-acetic acid (13a). We describe the syntheses, structure-activity relationships, and pharmacological activities of a series of indole-3-acetamides and related compounds derived from this lead. This SAR was undertaken with the aid of X- ray crystal structures of complexes between the inhibitors and hnps-PLA2 which were of great value in directing the SAR.
