1656-48-0

Usage

Chemical Properties

clear colourless to very slightly brownish liquid

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by ingestion. An eye irritant. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx and CNí.

InChI:InChI=1/C6H8N2O/c7-3-1-5-9-6-2-4-8/h1-2,5-6H2

Upstream product

• 107-13-1 acrylonitrile 
• 109-78-4 3-Hydroxypropionitrile 
• 56-23-5 tetrachloromethane 
• 7732-18-5 water 
• 123-31-9 hydroquinone 
• 123-91-1 1,4-dioxane 
• 115-77-5 Pentaerythritol 
• 75-65-0 tert-butyl alcohol 
• 589-55-9 heptan-4-ol 
• 111-70-6 n-heptan1ol 
• 109-75-1 but-3-enenitrile 
• 56-81-5 glycerol 
• 107-21-1 ethylene glycol 
• 77-85-0 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropane-1,3-diol 

Downstream Products

• 111-97-7 3,3'-thiobis-propanenitrile 
• 5961-83-1 3-(2-carboxyethoxy)propionic acid 
• 17615-30-4 4-oxa-heptanedioic acid dibutyl ester 
• 156-87-6 propan-1-ol-3-amine 
• 107-95-9 3-amino propanoic acid 
• 16499-88-0 3-butoxypropylamine 
• 107-10-8 propylamine 
• 2157-24-6 bis(3-aminopropyl)ether 
• 74267-34-8 N,N,N',N'-Tetraphenyl-4-oxaheptandiamid 
• 116073-68-8 5-tosyl-1,9,17-trioxa-5,13,21-triazacyclotetracosane 
• 116073-67-7 21-tosyl-1,9,17-trioxa-5,13,21-triazacyclotetracosane-6,12-dione 
• 116073-78-0 C₄₁H₅₁Cl₂N₃O₉S 
• 116073-77-9 C₄₁H₅₃N₃O₁₁S 
• 116073-83-7 C₄₂H₄₈Cl₃N₃O₉ 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Poly propyl ether imine (PETIM) dendrimer: A novel non-toxic dendrimer for sustained drug delivery

In the present study, an attempt was made to study the acute and sub-acute toxicity profile of G3-COOH Poly (propyl ether imine) [PETIM] dendrimer and its use as a carrier for sustained delivery of model drug ketoprofen. Drug-dendrimer complex was prepared and characterized by FTIR, solubility and in vitro drug release study. PETIM dendrimer was found to have significantly less toxicity in A541 cells compared to Poly amido amine (PAMAM) dendrimer. Further, acute and 28 days sub-acute toxicity measurement in mice showed no mortality, hematological, biochemical or histopathological changes up to 80 mg/kg dose of PETIM dendrimer. The results of study demonstrated that G3-COOH PETIM dendrimer can be used as a safe and efficient vehicle for sustained drug delivery.

Silver salts of carboxylic acid terminated generation 1 poly (propyl ether imine) (PETIM) dendron and dendrimers as antimicrobial agents against S. aureus and MRSA

Novel therapeutic strategies are essential to address the current global antimicrobial resistance crisis. Branched molecules with multiple peripheral functionalities, known as dendrimers, have gained interest as antimicrobials and have varying levels of toxicity. Silver displays activity against several micro-organisms only in its positively charged form. In this study, silver salts of generation 1 (G1) poly (propyl ether imine) (PETIM) dendron and dendrimers were synthesised and evaluated for their antimicrobial potential against sensitive and resistant bacteria. The purpose was to exploit the multiple peripheral functionalities of G1 PETIM dendron and dendrimers for the formation of silver salts containing multiple silver ions in a single molecule for enhanced antimicrobial activity at the lowest possible concentration. G1 PETIM dendron, dendrimers and their silver salts were synthesised and characterised by FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. PETIM silver salts were evaluated against Hep G2, SKBR-3 and HT-29 cell lines for their cytotoxicity using the MTT assay. The G1 PETIM dendron/dendrimers, silver nitrate and silver salts of the G1 dendron (compound 13), G1 dendrimer with an aromatic core (compound 14) and an oxygen core (compound 15) were evaluated for activity against S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) by the broth dilution method. PETIM silver salts were found to be non-cytotoxic even up to 100 μg ml-1. Minimum inhibitory concentration values of compounds 13, 14 and 15 against S. aureus were 52.1, 41.7 and 20.8 μg ml-1 while against MRSA they were 125.0, 26.0 and 62.5 μg ml-1, respectively. The calculated fractional inhibitory concentration index further indicated that compound 14 specifically displayed additive effects against S. aureus and synergism against MRSA. The enhanced antimicrobial activities of the PETIM dendron/dendrimer-silver salts against both sensitive and resistant bacterial strains widen the pool of available pharmaceutical materials for optimizing treatment of bacterial infections.

BIFUNCTIONAL COMPOUNDS FOR DEGRADING BTK VIA UBIQUITIN PROTEOSOME PATHWAY

The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) useful for degrading BTK via a ubiquitin proteolytic pathway. The invention also provides pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising said compounds and methods of using the compositions in the treatment of various disease, conditions, or disorders.

BIFUNCTIONAL COMPOUNDS FOR DEGRADING BTK VIA UBIQUITIN PROTEOSOME PATHWAY

The present invention relates to compounds useful for degrading BTK via a ubiquitin proteolytic pathway. The invention also provides pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising said compounds and methods of using the compositions in the treatment of various disease, conditions, or disorders.

Synthesis of and catalytic nitrile hydration by a cationic tris(μ-hydroxo)diruthenium(II) complex having PMe3ligands

While phenyl vinyl ether does not react with [Ru(η4-1,5-COD)(η6-1,3,5-COT)] (1)/PMe3, the C–O bond cleavage of phenyl vinyl ether occurs by 1/PMe3in the presence of water to give a tris(μ-hydroxo)diruthenium(II) complex [(Me3P)3Ru(μ-OH)3Ru(PMe3)3]+[OPh]?·HOPh (3·HOPh) with evolution of ethylene. The molecular structure of 3·HOPh is unequivocally determined by X-ray analysis. The most likely mechanism for the formation of 3·HOPh is protonation of [Ru(η4-1,5-COD)(PMe3)3] (2c) by water and subsequent insertion of phenyl vinyl ether into the resulting Ru–H bond followed by the β-phenoxide elimination and hydrolysis and dimerization of the phenoxoruthenium(II) species. Complex 3 acts as a catalyst for nitrile hydration. As a typical example, the hydration of benzonitrile was achieved by 3 (1.0 mol%) in 1,4-dioxane at 120 °C for 6 h to give benzamide quantitatively.

Free-solvent Michael addition of glycerol to acrylic compounds

In this paper, we report the study of the free-solvent nucleophilic addition of alcohols and glycerol to acrylic compounds, in the presence of catalytic bases. With acrylates, Michael addition and transesterification are in competition: only the PTC reaction with t-butyl acrylate gave trifunctionalized glycerol. With acrylonitrile, the cyanoethylation of glycerol varies with catalysts, temperature, time of reactions and amounts of acrylonitrile. Mono functionalisation of glycerol can be obtained in 28% yield. The optimization of the free-solvent Michael addition of glycerol to acrylonitrile (3.4 equiv., 4 mol% NaOH, 5 h) leads to TCEG (tricyanoethylglycerol, 88% yield, 99% purity) without HCl neutralisation, chlorinated solvents or purification (chromatography or distillation). TCEG can be used as a prochiral core of G0.5 dendrimers.

NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION FOR LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY, AND LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY CONTAINING SAME

A method of preparing a tricyanoalkoxy alkane compound is disclosed. The tricyanoalkoxy alkane compound is prepared by reacting an alcohol compound including at least three hydroxyl groups and a nitrile compound in the presence of a potassium alkoxide catalyst. A non-aqueous electrolyte solution comprising the tricyanoalkaxy alkane compound and a lithium secondary battery also are disclosed. The swelling of the battery may be prevented.

METHOD FOR PREPARING DINITRILE COMPOUND

Disclosed is a method for preparing a dinitrile compound. The method includes reacting an alcohol compound with a nitrile compound having a terminal carbon-carbon unsaturated bond under anhydrous conditions. A potassium alkoxide having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is used as a catalyst in the course of the reaction. According to the method, a high-purity dinitrile compound can be prepared in a simple manner within a short reaction time indicating high productivity.

Production Process of Cyanoethyl Ether

Provided is a production process of a cyanoethyl ether by reacting an alcohol and acrylonitrile in a two-phase system of a non-ether solvent/an aqueous alkali solution.

Synthesis of Poly(propyl ether imine) Dendrimers and Evaluation of Their Cytotoxic Properties

In this paper, we report the synthesis of several poly(propyl ether imine) dendrons and dendrimers. These dendrons and dendrimers were constructed by involving an ether as the linker component and an imine as the branching component. The divergent syntheses of dendrons and dendrimers were established with the aid of two alternate Michael addition reactions and two alternate reduction reactions in a four-step iterative synthetic sequence. Dendrons up to three generations were synthesized and some of the dendrons were attached to a benzenoid core so as to obtain dendrimers up to two generations containing 12 carboxylic acids at the periphery. Divergent synthesis involving ether as the core was found to be more facile, and dendrimers up to three generations having 16 carboxylic acids at the periphery were achieved in good to excellent yields in each individual step. The adopted synthetic sequence allows us to install either alcohol, an amine, or a carboxylic acid at their peripheries. The carboxylic acid-terminated dendrons and dendrimers were evaluated as to their cytotoxic properties, and while most dendrons and dendrimers did not exhibit any measurable cytotoxicity, even up to 100/μg/mL, the second-generation dendrimer with the benzenoid core exhibited a mild toxicity at concentrations above 30/μg/mL.