1678-98-4Relevant articles and documents
Chemoselective and Tandem Reduction of Arenes Using a Metal–Organic Framework-Supported Single-Site Cobalt Catalyst
Antil, Neha,Kumar, Ajay,Akhtar, Naved,Begum, Wahida,Chauhan, Manav,Newar, Rajashree,Rawat, Manhar Singh,Manna, Kuntal
supporting information, p. 1031 - 1040 (2022/01/19)
The development of heterogeneous, chemoselective, and tandem catalytic systems using abundant metals is vital for the sustainable synthesis of fine and commodity chemicals. We report a robust and recyclable single-site cobalt-hydride catalyst based on a porous aluminum metal–organic framework (DUT-5 MOF) for chemoselective hydrogenation of arenes. The DUT-5 node-supported cobalt(II) hydride (DUT-5-CoH) is a versatile solid catalyst for chemoselective hydrogenation of a range of nonpolar and polar arenes, including heteroarenes such as pyridines, quinolines, isoquinolines, indoles, and furans to afford cycloalkanes and saturated heterocycles in excellent yields. DUT-5-CoH exhibited excellent functional group tolerance and could be reusable at least five times without decreased activity. The same MOF-Co catalyst was also efficient for tandem hydrogenation–hydrodeoxygenation of aryl carbonyl compounds, including biomass-derived platform molecules such as furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural to cycloalkanes. In the case of hydrogenation of cumene, our spectroscopic, kinetic, and density functional theory (DFT) studies suggest the insertion of a trisubstituted alkene intermediate into the Co–H bond occurring in the turnover limiting step. Our work highlights the potential of MOF-supported single-site base–metal catalysts for sustainable and environment-friendly industrial production of chemicals and biofuels.
The solvent determines the product in the hydrogenation of aromatic ketones using unligated RhCl3as catalyst precursor
Bartling, Stephan,Chakrabortty, Soumyadeep,De Vries, Johannes G.,Kamer, Paul C. J.,Lund, Henrik,Müller, Bernd H.,Rockstroh, Nils
, p. 7608 - 7616 (2021/12/13)
Alkyl cyclohexanes were synthesized in high selectivity via a combined hydrogenation/hydrodeoxygenation of aromatic ketones using ligand-free RhCl3 as pre-catalyst in trifluoroethanol as solvent. The true catalyst consists of rhodium nanoparticles (Rh NPs), generated in situ during the reaction. A range of conjugated as well as non-conjugated aromatic ketones were directly hydrodeoxygenated to the corresponding saturated cyclohexane derivatives at relatively mild conditions. The solvent was found to be the determining factor to switch the selectivity of the ketone hydrogenation. Cyclohexyl alkyl-alcohols were the products using water as a solvent.
Ring opening of decalin and methylcyclohexane over alumina-based monofunctional WO3/Al2O3 and Ir/Al 2O3 catalysts
Moraes, Rodrigo,Thomas, Karine,Thomas, Sebastien,Van Donk, Sander,Grasso, Giacomo,Gilson, Jean-Pierre,Houalla, Marwan
scheme or table, p. 62 - 77 (2012/03/11)
Ring-opening reactions of decalin and MCH were studied over monofunctional acid (WO3/Al2O3) and metal (Ir/Al 2O3) catalysts containing, respectively, up to 5.3 at. W/nm2 and 1.8 wt% Ir. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, low-temperature CO adsorption followed by infrared spectroscopy, and H2 chemisorption. A reaction network was proposed for both molecules and used to determine the kinetic parameters. Kinetic modeling allowed relating characterization results and catalytic performance. For WO3/Al2O3 catalysts, ring contraction precedes ring opening of both molecules. The evolution of ring contraction activity was consistent with the development of relatively strong Bronsted acid sites. Ring opening occurs according to a classic acid mechanism. For Ir/Al2O3 catalysts, only direct ring opening was observed. Ring opening proceeds mostly via dicarbene mechanism. Analysis of products indicated that monofunctional metal catalysts are better suited than acid solids for upgrading LCO.
Thiotolerant Ir/SiO2-Al2O3 bifunctional catalysts: Effect of metal-acid site balance on tetralin hydroconversion
Nassreddine, Salim,Massin, Laurence,Aouine, Mimoun,Geantet, Christophe,Piccolo, Laurent
scheme or table, p. 253 - 265 (2011/04/22)
The hydroconversion of tetralin over iridium nanoparticles supported on amorphous silica-alumina (ASA) has been investigated in a continuous high-pressure gas-phase micro-reactor in the presence of H2S. In order to tune the Ir particle size, the bifunctional Ir/ASA catalysts have been submitted to sintering treatments. The samples have been characterized by HRTEM and XPS. From careful analysis of tetralin conversion products by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC-MS) and NMR, compound families have been unambiguously distinguished. Hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, (saturated and aromatic) ring-contraction products, and (saturated and aromatic) one-ring-opening products are formed, without significant cracking. The catalysts exhibit stable activity in the presence of sulfur. As the mean particle size increases from 1.5 to 8 nm, the ring-opening/contraction selectivity increases dramatically. This effect is related to an increase of the acid/metal site ratio.
Nickel complexes of a pincer amidobis(amine) ligand: Synthesis, structure, and activity in stoichiometric and catalytic C-C bond-forming reactions of alkyl halides
Vechorkin, Oleg,Csok, Zsolt,Scopelliti, Rosario,Hu, Xile
experimental part, p. 3889 - 3899 (2009/12/26)
The synthesis, properties, and reactivity of nickel(II) complexes of a newly developed pincer amidobis(amine) ligand (McNN2) are described. Neutral or cationic complexes [(MeNN2)NiX] (X = OTf (6), OC(O)CH3 (7), CH3CN (8), OMe (9)) were prepared by salt metathesis or chloride abstraction from the previously reported [( MeNN2)NiCl] (1). The Lewis acidity of the {( McNN2)Ni) fragment was measured by the 1H NMR chemical shift of the coordinated CH3CN molecule in 8. Electrochemical measurements on 1 and 8 indicate that the electron-donating properties of NN2 are similar to those of the analogous amidobis(phosphine) (pnp) ligands. The solid-state structures of 6-8 were determined and compared to those of 1 and [(MeNN2)NiEt] (3). In all complexes, the MeNN2 ligand coordinates to the NiII ion in a mer fashion, and the square-planar coordination sphere of the metal is completed by an additional donor. The coordination chemistry of MeNN 2 thus resembles that of other three-dentate pincer ligands, for example, pnp and arylbis(amine) (ncn). Reactions of 2 with alkyl monohalides, dichlorides, and trichlorides were investigated. Selective C-C bond formation was observed in many cases. Based on these reactions, efficient Kumada-Corriu-Tamao coupling of unactivated alkyl halides and alkyl Grignard reagents with 1 as the precatalyst was developed. Good yields were obtained for the coupling of primary and secondary iodides and bromides. Double C-C coupling of CH2Cl2 with alkyl Grignard reagents by 1 was also realized. The scope and limitations of these transformations were studied. Evidence was found for a radical pathway in Ni-catalyzed C-C cross-coupling reactions, which involves NiIl alkyl intermediates.
Radical Cations of Cyclohexanes Alkyl-substituted on One Carbon: An ESR Study of the Jahn-Teller Distorted HOMO of Cyclohexane
Shiotani, Masaru,Lindgren, Mikael,Ohta, Nobuaki,Ichikawa, Takahisa
, p. 711 - 719 (2007/10/02)
Cation radicals of cyclohexanes alkyl-substituted on one carbon have been stabilized in perfluoromethylcyclohexane and other halocarbon matrices at 4.2 K and studied by means of ESR spectroscopy.It was found that all have an electronic ground state resembling the 2Ag state of the cyclohexane cation, one of the possible states following a Jahn-Teller distortion of the D3d cyclohexane chair structure.The cations can be classified into two groups depending on the substituted alkyl group.To the first group belong the cations with a methyl group or a primary carbon (ethyl, n-propyl or isobutyl group) attached to the ring.The disubstituted cyclohexane cations of 1,1-dimethylcyclohexane and 1-methyl-1-ethylcyclohexane were also found to have a similar structure.The ESR spectra are characterized by a 1:2:1 three-line pattern with the hyperfine (hf) splitting due to two magnetically equivalent equatorial ring hydrogens.The magnitude of the splitting was found to depend on the size and number of substituents, ranging from 74 G (methylcyclohexane.+) to 55 G (isobutylcyclohexane.+).An additional doublet, 17-34 G, due to a hydrogen on the substituent could be detected in certain cases.Such hydrogens are axial with one of the elongated C-C bonds in the ring structure which contains a relatively large fraction of the unpaired electron.It follows that the substituents are located asymmetrically with respect to an ag-like SOMO in the ring.In the second group a secondary or tertiary carbon connects the substituent to the ring, such as an isopropyl or tert-butyl group.The largest hf splittings are ca. 30 G in magnitude, due to certain hydrogens on the substituent which are axial with respect to the cyclohexyl bond.It follows that an ag-like SOMO in the ring here is symmetrically arranged with respect to the position of the substituent.Hyperconjugation is the dominating mechanism for the spin transfer in all cations reported in this study.
INVESTIGATION OF COMPOUNDS OF THE o-METHANE SERIES. XII. INVESTIGATION OF THE COMPOSITION OF THE PRODUCTS FROM PYROLYSIS OF VERBENENE
Bazyl'chik, V. V.,Fedorov, P. I.,Skakovskii, E. D.,Vinogradov, L. I.
, p. 268 - 272 (2007/10/02)
During the pyrolysis of verbenene the opening of the cyclobutane ring occurs at the C1-C7 and C5-C7 bond with the formation of terpene compounds of the o- and p-methane series.The latter were submitted to secondary reactions of isomerization and disproportionation of hydrogen, leading to the reduction of monocyclic and bicyclic terpene and aromatic hydrocarbons and unsaturated compounds of the isobutylcyclohexane series.
