169309-80-2

Usage

Uses

Used in Organic Synthesis:
Cis-2-tert-Butyl-2-butenedinitrile is used as a catalyst and reagent in organic synthesis for its ability to facilitate various chemical reactions, contributing to the production of a wide range of chemical products.
Used in Pharmaceutical Production:
In the pharmaceutical industry, cis-2-tert-Butyl-2-butenedinitrile is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of various drugs, playing a crucial role in the development of new medications.
Used in Agrochemical Production:
Cis-2-tert-Butyl-2-butenedinitrile is also utilized in the agrochemical sector as an intermediate for the synthesis of pesticides and other agricultural chemicals, helping to improve crop protection and yield.
Used in Polymer Synthesis:
cis-2-tert-Butyl-2-butenedinitrile is employed in the synthesis of polymers, contributing to the development of new materials with specific properties for various applications.
Safety Precautions:
Due to its flammable nature and potential health and safety risks, cis-2-tert-Butyl-2-butenedinitrile should be handled with caution, adhering to proper safety protocols and guidelines.

Upstream product

• 99584-95-9 cis-1,2-dibromine-3,3-dimethyl-1-butylene 
• 89379-02-2 tert-butylmercury iodide 
• 764-42-1 1,2-Dicyanoethylene 
• 50586-62-4 diethyl cyanomethyl phosphonate 
• 3282-30-2 pivaloyl chloride 
• 917-92-0 3,3-Dimethylbut-1-yne 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Preparation method of dicyano compound

The invention relates to a preparation method of a dicyano compound, and particularly discloses a preparation method of a dicyano compound shown in a general formula (I), which is characterized in that the reaction formula is as follows: in the formula, R is selected from one of alkane, aromatic hydrocarbon or halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon; the acyl chloride compound as shown in the general formula (II) reacts with metal cyanide to generate an acyl cyanide compound as shown in a general formula (III), and after solvent extraction, the acyl cyanide compound directly reacts with diethyl cyanomethylphosphonate under a strong alkaline condition to generate the dicyano compound as shown in the general formula (I). By adopting the method disclosed by the invention, the process raw material cost is low, the by-product cuprous chloride is insoluble in the used solvent and is easy to recover, the used solvent in the process can be recovered and reused, and the method disclosed by the invention can simultaneously realize the technical effects of reducing the cost and reducing the environmental protection pressure.

Effects of benzo-annelation of asymmetric phthalocyanine on the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells

Novel highly asymmetric zinc tetraazaporphyrin (TAP) derivatives (Zn-tri-TAPNc and Zn-tri-PcNc) with one carboxyl and three tert-butyl peripheral substituent groups were synthesized. A highly asymmetric zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) derivative (Zn-tri-PcNc) has a benzo-annelated ring which contains tribenzonaphtho-condensed tetraazaporphyrin with the same peripheral substituents as Zn-tri-TAPNc. As a sensitizer for the TiO2-based dye-sensitized solar cell, Zn-tri-PcNc derived from the benzo-annelation of the TAP macrocycle showed improved light harvesting and electron injection efficiency, which can retard the charge recombination, resulting in a great improvement in the incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE). The Zn-tri-PcNc-sensitized solar cell exhibited a higher conversion efficiency (2.89%) than the Zn-tri-TAPNc-sensitized one (1.20%) under AM 1.5G solar irradiation. The present results on the TAP macrocycle's benzo-annelation demonstrate that optimization of molecular structure via changing the peripheral substituent group's push-pull effect and enlarging the conjugated π-system is an effective approach to improve the performance of the tetraazaporphyrin-based dye-sensitized solar cell. the Partner Organisations 2014.

Benzo-fused low symmetry metal-free tetraazaporphyrin and phthalocyanine analogs: Synthesis, spectroscopy, electro chemistry, and density functional theory calculations

A whole series of low-symmetry, metal-free tetrapyrrole analogs 1-11 ranging from tetraazaporphyrin H2TAP(tBu)4 to napthalocyanine H2Nc(tBu)4 via H2Pc(tBu) 4 have been designed and prepared. Their electronic structures have been spectroscopically and electrochemically investigated. Through the preparation of a series of tetrapyrrole compounds with just the same number of four tert-butyl substituents at similar positions of the macrocyclic ring, the effect intrinsic to the enlargement of the ring system has been easily extracted and understood. Along with the increase in the size of central conjugated system, the half-wave potentials of the first oxidation for 1-11 are shifted significantly to the negative direction. This is also true for the half-wave potentials of the first reduction process of this series of tetrapyrrole derivatives but in a slight manner. These results indicate that along with the ring extension, the energy of the HOMO increases significantly while that of the LUMO only slightly increases. The effect of the ring size of these tetrapyrrole compounds on the electronic absorption and fluorescence spectra is also clear: both the Q band and fluorescence shifts to longer wavelength with the increase in the number of fused benzene rings but with a diminishing increase due to the extending of the central conjugated system. These results were reasonably explained by considering the energy levels of frontier molecular orbitals of the series of compounds obtained by the calculations using DFT method at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level.