1803-39-0Relevant articles and documents
Ionomer Cross-Linking Immobilization of Catalyst Nanoparticles for High Performance Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cells
Liang, Xian,Shehzad, Muhammad Aamir,Zhu, Yuan,Wang, Lianqin,Ge, Xiaolin,Zhang, Jianjun,Yang, Zhengjin,Wu, Liang,Varcoe, John Robert,Xu, Tongwen
, p. 7812 - 7820 (2019)
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells can generate high power densities with low local emissions of pollutants. Optimal ionomer-Pt/C catalyst interactions in the electrodes enable the efficient generation and transport of ions and electrons required for high fuel cell performances. Critical durability issues involve agglomeration of the Pt/C nanoparticles (Pt/C NPs) and ionomer during discharging. Our novel approach involves ionomer cross-linking immobilization for the fabrication of durable catalyst layers for application in alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). Pt/C NP catalysts are employed alongside a poly(2,6-dimethyl-p-phenylene oxide)-(PPO)-based quaternary ammonium ionomer (containing terminal styrenic side-chain groups) to form porous catalyst layers. Following thermally initiated cross-linking of the terminal vinyl groups, an interconnected ionomer network forms conductive shells around the Pt/C aggregates. Ex situ catalytic activity and in situ durability tests demonstrate that this immobilization strategy inhibits Pt/C NP coalescence without sacrificing catalyst layer porosity. An initial demonstration of an H2/O2 AEMFC containing the new CBQPPO?Pt/C cathode shows that high peak power densities can be achieved (1.02 W cm-2 at 70 °C, raising to 1.37 W cm-2 with additional 0.1 MPa back-pressurization).
Chemically Triggered Coalescence and Reactivity of Droplet Fibers
Zhao, Jing,Pan, Zehao,Snyder, Deborah,Stone, Howard A.,Emrick, Todd
supporting information, p. 5558 - 5564 (2021/05/04)
We describe the role of functional polymer surfactants in the construction and triggered collapse of droplet-based fibers and the use of these macroscopic supracolloidal structures for reagent compartmentalization. Copolymer surfactants containing both zwitterionic and tertiary amine pendent groups were synthesized for stabilization of oil-in-water droplets, in which the self-adherent properties of the selected zwitterions impart interdroplet adherence, while the amine groups provide access to pH-triggered coalescence. Macroscopic fibers, obtained by droplet extrusion, were prepared with reagents embedded in spatially distinct components of the fibers. Upon acidification of the continuous aqueous phase, protonation of the polymer surfactants increases their hydrophilicity and causes rapid fiber disruption and collapse. Cross-linked versions of these supracolloidal fibers were stable upon acidification and appeared to direct interdroplet passage of encapsulants along the fiber length. Overall, these functional, responsive emulsions provide a strategy to impart on-demand chemical reactivity to soft materials structures that benefits from the interfacial chemistry of the system.
Modifier, modified and conjugated diene-based polymer and methods for preparing them
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Page/Page column 18, (2019/11/11)
The present invention relates to a modifier and a modified and conjugated diene-based polymer including a functional group derived therefrom, and more particularly, provides a modifier including a compound represented by Formula 1, a modified and conjugated diene-based polymer including a functional group derived from the modifier and a repeating unit derived from a conjugated diene-based monomer, and methods for preparing them. In Formula 1, the definition of each substituent is the same as defined in the description of the invention.
Reductive Coupling between C-N and C-O Electrophiles
He, Rong-De,Li, Chun-Ling,Pan, Qiu-Quan,Guo, Peng,Liu, Xue-Yuan,Shu, Xing-Zhong
supporting information, p. 12481 - 12486 (2019/09/04)
The cross-electrophile reaction is a promising strategy for C-C bond formation. Recent studies have focused mainly on reactions with organic halides. Here we report a coupling reaction between C-N and C-O electrophiles that demonstrates the possibility of constructing a C-C bond via C-N and C-O cleavage. Several reactions between benzyl/aryl ammonium salts and vinyl/aryl C-O electrophiles have been studied. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that the benzyl ammoniums were activated through a radical mechanism.
A new family of thermo-responsive polymers based on poly[N-(4-vinylbenzyl)- N, N-dialkylamine]
Dan, Meihan,Su, Yang,Xiao, Xin,Li, Shentong,Zhang, Wangqing
, p. 3137 - 3146 (2013/06/04)
A new family of the thermo-responsive polymers based on poly[N-(4-vinylbenzyl)-N,N-dialkylamine] with the pendent amine group as well as the doubly thermo-responsive triblock copolymer were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. These polymers showed the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and/or the upper critical solution temperature (UCST) in alcohol and in the alcohol/water mixture. The polymer molecular weight, the polymer concentration, the cosolvent/nonsolvent and the deuterated solvent affecting the LCST and/or UCST were investigated, and their great influence on the LCST/UCST was demonstrated. The origin of the phase transition of poly[N-(4-vinylbenzyl)-N,N-dialkylamine] at LCST upon heating was investigated and the possible reason was proposed. The doubly thermo-responsive triblock copolymer of PVMA53-b-PVEA 108-b-PVMA53 underwent phase transition at two LCST temperatures. The PVEA108 block underwent the initial phase transition at the first LCST of 32.5 C to form core-corona micelles, and then the subsequent phase transition of the PVMA53 block took place at the second LCST of 54.5 C to produce corona-collapsed micelles. The proposed polymers based on poly[N-(4-vinylbenzyl)-N,N-dialkylamine] are anticipated to broaden the thermo-responsive polymer range and will be useful in polymer science.
Synthesis of a series of monomeric styrene sulfobetaine precursors
Sonnenschein, Lukas,Seubert, Andreas
scheme or table, p. 1101 - 1104 (2011/03/22)
Procedures for the synthesis of five sulfobetaine monomers as styrene derivatives are given. The five molecules form a homologous row differing in the distance between the inner quaternary amine and the outer sulfonic acid from one methylene group to five methylene groups. Syntheses are achieved by a sequence of nucleophilic substitutions starting from commercially available precursors.