1859-01-4

Usage

Uses

Used in Research and Development:
1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene-3,6-d2 is used as an isotopically labeled compound for various research purposes. The incorporation of deuterium atoms allows for the study of reaction mechanisms, kinetics, and the behavior of molecules in different chemical environments. 1,2,4,5-TETRAMETHYLBENZENE-3,6-D2 is particularly useful in the fields of organic chemistry, biochemistry, and materials science.
Used in Chemical Reactions:
In the chemical industry, 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene-3,6-d2 is used as a reactant or a starting material for the synthesis of other deuterated compounds. The presence of deuterium atoms can provide insights into the reaction pathways and help in the development of new chemical processes and products.
Used in Analytical Techniques:
1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene-3,6-d2 is employed as a reference material in various analytical techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The deuterium-labeled compound can be used to calibrate instruments, improve the accuracy of measurements, and facilitate the identification of other compounds in complex mixtures.
Used in Pharmaceutical Research:
In the pharmaceutical industry, 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene-3,6-d2 can be used as a building block for the synthesis of deuterated drug candidates. The deuterium substitution can potentially improve the pharmacokinetic properties of the drug, such as its stability, solubility, and bioavailability, leading to more effective therapeutic agents.
Used in Environmental Studies:
1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene-3,6-d2 can also be utilized in environmental research to study the fate and transport of pollutants in the environment. The deuterium-labeled compound can be used as a tracer to track the movement of contaminants in soil, water, and air, providing valuable information for environmental monitoring and remediation efforts.

Upstream product

• 95-93-2 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene 

Downstream Products

• 95-93-2 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Arene Activation with Mercury(II) and Thallium(III) Electrophiles. Mechanistic Relevance of Charge-Transfer Transitions in ?-Complexes as Intermediates

The activation of various aromatic hydrocarbons by mercuration and thallation proceeds via ?-complexes, as observed by the transient charge-transfer (CT) absorption spectra.Quantitative spectrophotometric analysis of (a) the association constants K and (b) the second-order rate constants k2 establishes the reactive forms of the electrophiles to be Hg(O2CCF3)2 and Tl(O2CCF3)2(1+), both in ?-complex formation as well as in aromatic metalation.The direct participation by these isoelectronic and isostructural species presents a unique opportunity to examine arene activation with electrophiles which primarily differ only in the charge they bear.A detailed comparison of the CT excitation energies and the reactivities of various arenes relative to steric, kinetic isotope, and solvent effects in mercuration and thallation reveals unusual similarities.At the same time the observation of arene cations as key intermediates in thallation, but not in mercuration, leads to puzzling incongruities.The paradox is analyzed in the context of merging stepwise (electron-transfer) and concerted (electrophilic) mechanisms.

Kinetics and Mechanism of Aromatic Thallation. Identification and Proof of Competiting Electrophilic and Electron-Transfer Pathways

The unusual occurrence of simultaneous electrophilic (two-electron) and electron-transfer (one-electron) pathways during the thallation of the homologous methylbenzenes ArCH3 is demonstrated by (1) the careful analysis and identification of three major types of products, (2) the complete dissection of the complex kinetics, and (3) the identification of the reactive intermediates by time-resolved UV-vis and ESR spectroscopy.Side-chain substitution S, dimerization D, and oxidative nuclear substitution O derive from the radical cation ArCH3+. produced as a common intermediate by electron transfer from the methylbenzene to thallium(III) trifluoroacetate in trifluoroacetic acid.The importance of ArCH3+., which is detected by both its electronic and ESR spectra, decreases in the following order, hexamethylbenzene > pentamethylbenzene > durene >> mesitylene, with a concomitant rise in electrophilic nuclear thallation R to account for the complete material balance.The striking color changes that accompany thallation are identified as charge-transfer transition in the series of transient 1:1 ?-complexes of the methylbenzene donors and the thallium(III) acceptor.Quantitative spectrophotometry employing the Benesi-Hildebrand analysis establishes the cationic Tl(O2CCF3)2+ formed by the dissociation of a single trifluoroacetate ligand from the parent thallium tris(trifluoroacetate) as the active electron acceptor.The complete analysis of the complex kinetics including kinetic isotope effects with accompany the nuclear thallation R of mesitylene as well the side-chain substitution S of hexamethylbenzene shows that the cationic Tl(O2CCF3)2+ also serves the dual function as the active electrophile and the active oxidant, respectively.The close competition between these apparently disparate pathways is quantitatively evaluated by the second-order rate constants which differ by less than an order of magnitude.Therefore, the thallation of arometic hydrocarbons represents one of the few systems in which such dual pathways, electrophilic and free radical, apparently occur side under the same experimental conditions of solvent, temperature, etc.Accordingly, it represents an unusual opportunity to delineate two-electron (concerted, electrophilic) from one-electron (stepwise, free radical) mechanism-especially as two whether they represent parallel or sequential events.