95-93-2

Usage

Physical state

Colorless liquid

Odor

Sweet

Flammability

Highly flammable

Industrial use

Commonly used as a solvent

Starting material

Used in the production of dyes, perfumes, and pharmaceuticals

Health hazards

Potential skin and eye irritation

Exposure effects

High levels may cause dizziness, headaches, and nausea

Safety measures

Proper handling, safety measures, and ventilation are essential when working with 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene

InChI:InChI=1/C10H14/c1-7-5-9(3)10(4)6-8(7)2/h5-6H,1-4H3

Upstream product

• 58863-17-5 1,2t,4,5-tetramethyl-cyclohex-4-ene-1r,2c-dicarboxylic acid-anhydride 
• 56-23-5 tetrachloromethane 
• 115-10-6 Dimethyl ether 
• 74-87-3 methylene chloride 
• 95-63-6 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 
• 4755-33-3 pinane 
• 488-23-3 1,2,3,4-Tetramethylbenzene 
• 527-53-7 1,2,3,5-Tetramethylbenzene 
• 10340-77-9 2,4,5-trimethylbenzyl chloride 
• 81212-00-2 2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene-1,4-disulfonic acid 
• 108-38-3 m-xylene 
• 67-64-1 acetone 
• 108-88-3 toluene 
• 74-88-4 methyl iodide 

Downstream Products

• 22659-83-2 (E)-4-(2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenyl)-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid 
• 857813-61-7 3-(2,4,5-trimethyl-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester 
• 134948-69-9 4-oxo-4-(2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-phenyl)-butyric acid 
• 101292-83-5 [3]pyridyl-(2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-phenyl)-ketone 
• 2604-45-7 2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzoic acid 
• 353777-07-8 2-(2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-benzoyl)-benzoic acid 
• 7435-83-8 3-(chloromethyl)-1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene 
• 6970-00-9 bis-(2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-phenyl)methane 
• 67159-34-6 2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenacyl bromide 
• 408313-31-5 4'-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-benzophenone 
• 101286-84-4 3-ethyl-5-(2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one 
• 35509-98-9 1-(Bromomethyl)-2,4,5-trimethylbenzene 
• 7444-51-1 1,2,4,5-tetramethyl-benzene; compound with tetrabromomethane 
• 99858-56-7 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-benzoic acid amide 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

State-Selective Photochemistry from the Higher Excited States of Methylbenzaldehydes: Intermolecular vs. Intramolecular Hydrogen Abstraction

We have found that the hydrogen abstraction reactions of 2,4,5-trimethylbenzaldehyde and 2,4-dimethylbenzaldehyde, each isolated in durene single crystals, do not occur via either of the lowest two triplet states but take place primarily through excited states above the singlet origins.The reactions can be directed to give different products by changing the wavelength of the photolyzing light.

Picosecond Transient Absorption Measurements of Geminate Electron-Cation Recombination

Durene (1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene) dissolved in n-hexane was photoionized by 35-ps light pulses at 266 nm.Transient absorption at 1064 nm arising chiefly from geminate electrons was detected and used to monitor the recombination of the electron-cation pairs produced by two-photon ionization.An excellent fit to the recombination kinetics at 208 K was obtained by assuming that the distribution of initial electron-cation separations was of the form r2EXP=r2/(2L3)exp(-r/L) with a mean radius 3L = 5.7 nm.

The Selective Conversion of Methyl and Ethyl Acetate to High Content Alkyl Aromatic Hydrocarbons over H-ZSM5

Abstract: This research is devoted to a catalytic process using the H-ZSM5 catalyst for the conversion of methyl and ethyl acetate to hydrocarbon aromatics. These reactions are carried out in a fixed bed reactor under atmospheric pressure at 370°C. The distribution of products was measured by GC-Mass spectrometer. The variation of weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) on the conversion of these esters to aromatic hydrocarbons showed a significant effect on carbon distribution. The deactivation catalyst by time was monitored using product selectivity and conversion. The production of alkyl and poly alkyl aromatic compounds was formed under controlled conditions. The advantages of these methods are the formation of a higher concentration of octane number booster poly alkyl aromatic compounds (mono-aromatics) from esters as starting materials. Moreover, the catalyst lifetime on stream was investigated and exhibited longer catalyst lifetime for ethyl acetate conversion than methyl acetate.

Coupling of Methanol and Carbon Monoxide over H-ZSM-5 to Form Aromatics

The conversion of methanol into aromatics over unmodified H-ZSM-5 zeolite is generally not high because the hydrogen transfer reaction results in alkane formation. Now circa 80 % aromatics selectivity for the coupling reaction of methanol and carbon monoxide over H-ZSM-5 is reported. Carbonyl compounds and methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-ones (MCPOs), which were detected in the products and catalysts, respectively, are considered as intermediates. The latter species can be synthesized from the former species and olefins. 13C isotope tracing and 13C liquid-state NMR results confirmed that the carbon atoms of CO molecules were incorporated into MCPOs and aromatic rings. A new aromatization mechanism that involves the formation of the above intermediates and co-occurs with a dramatically decreased hydrogen transfer reaction is proposed. A portion of the carbons in CO molecules are incorporated into aromatic, which is of great significance for industrial applications.

Methods for preparing benzene-ring-containing compounds from pinacol

The invention relates to methods for preparing durene, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene, o-xylene, pyromellitic acid and trimellitic acid from pinacol. Durene, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene and o-xylene are prepared through three steps of reaction, and pyromellitic acid and trimellitic acid are prepared through four steps of reaction. A catalytic system used in the invention is green and environment-friendly, andcan be recycled. The raw materials of method, i.e., pinacol, crotonaldehyde, acrolein and crotonate can all be derived from biomass, and are cheap and easily available. All the reaction processes aresimple and are high in activity and selectivity in the dehydration of pinacol and the dehydrogenation, decarbonylation and oxidation of D-A products. The invention provides novel methods for preparingfine chemicals including durene, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene, o-xylene, pyromellitic acid and trimellitic acid from lignocellulose-based platform chemicals.

Selective Production of Renewable para-Xylene by Tungsten Carbide Catalyzed Atom-Economic Cascade Reactions

Tungsten carbide was employed as the catalyst in an atom-economic and renewable synthesis of para-xylene with excellent selectivity and yield from 4-methyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carbonylaldehyde (4-MCHCA). This intermediate is the product of the Diels–Alder reaction between the two readily available bio-based building blocks acrolein and isoprene. Our results suggest that 4-MCHCA undergoes a novel dehydroaromatization–hydrodeoxygenation cascade process by intramolecular hydrogen transfer that does not involve an external hydrogen source, and that the hydrodeoxygenation occurs through the direct dissociation of the C=O bond on the W2C surface. Notably, this process is readily applicable to the synthesis of various (multi)methylated arenes from bio-based building blocks, thus potentially providing a petroleum-independent solution to valuable aromatic compounds.

Production technology of 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene

The invention relates to a production technology of 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene. The production technology comprises the following steps: separately adding the raw materials, benzene and dimethyl disulfide, in a ratio of (1:2)-(1:4) into a reaction kettle, and adding a zeolite catalyst into the reaction kettle through a charging hole while controlling the speed of a stirring device in the reaction kettle to 20-60rpm, the temperature in the reaction kettle to 295-305 DEG C and the time to 1 hour; after the reacting, transferring the mixed solution into an evaporator, and controlling the temperature of the evaporator to 200-220 DEG C so that the mixed product with low boiling point evaporates and enters a first rectifying tower; controlling the top temperature of the first rectifying tower to 190-195 DEG C and the reflux ratio to (1:3)-(1:6) so that light boiling matters flow out of the tower through a condensing device at the tower top; and conveying a crude product at the bottom of the first rectifying tower to a second rectifying tower while controlling the top temperature of the second rectifying tower to 191-200 DEG C and the reflux ratio to (1:1)-(5:1). The production technology provided by the invention has the advantages of a few steps, low production cost, convenience in operation and yield up to 88.5%.

PROCESSES FOR CONVERSION OF BIOLOGICALLY DERIVED MEVALONIC ACID

The invention relates to a process comprising reacting mevalonic acid, or a solution comprising mevalonic acid, to yield a first product or first product mixture, optionally in the presence of a solid catalyst and/or at elevated temperature and/or pressure. The invention further relates to a process comprising: (a) providing a microbial organism that expresses a biosynthetic mevalonic acid pathway; (b) growing the microbial organism in fermentation medium comprising suitable carbon substrates, whereby biobased mevalonic acid is produced; and (c) reacting said biobased mevalonic acid to yield a first product or first product mixture.

Effect of SiO2/Al2O3 ratio on the performance of nanocrystal ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts in methanol to gasoline conversion

In this study, the effect of SiO2/Al2O3 ratio on the catalytic performance of nanocrystal ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst in the methanol to gasoline conversion (MTG) was investigated. A series of zeolite samples with different SiO2/Al2O3 ratios of 23, 47, 107, 217 and 411 were synthesised. Through systematically controlling the material synthesis conditions, these nanocrystal ZSM-5 zeolite samples were produced to have very similar crystal sizes and structural properties, thus providing an ideal opportunity to study the intrinsic effect of SiO2/Al2O3 ratio on the performance of the ZSM-5 samples in MTG. The MTG experimentation was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor under a set of constant conditions of temperature 375?°C, pressure 1?MPa and WHSV 2?h?1. A steady methanol conversion was sustained with increasing the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio, and a progressive decrease in methanol conversion was found over catalysts with low SiO2/Al2O3 ratios (≤107) after 5?h on stream. Decreasing the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio promoted C1-C4 selectivity and thus decreased gasoline yield. It was also found that decreasing the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio promoted aromatisation reactions and hence higher durene selectivity and more coke formation, resulting in rapid catalyst deactivation. The sample with SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of 217 showed the highest methanol conversion, gasoline yield, and very low coke formation.

Catalytic reactions of dimethyl disulfide with thiophene and benzene

The gas-phase reaction of dimethyl disulfide with thiophene proceeds under the action of acid catalysts under atmospheric pressure at 160-350°C and a residence time of τ = 0.6-21 s to form thioalkylation and alkylation products. Dimethyl disulfide reacts with benzene to form only alkylation products. Catalysts containing both strong protic and Lewis acid sites, as well as basic sites of moderate strength, are the most active ones.