19643-66-4Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Ligand-Controlled Regiodivergent Enantioselective Rhodium-Catalyzed Alkene Hydroboration
Bochat, Andrew J.,Shoba, Veronika M.,Takacs, James M.
, p. 9434 - 9438 (2019)
Regiocontrol in the rhodium-catalyzed boration of vinyl arenes is typically dominated by the presence of the conjugated aryl substituent. However, small differences in TADDOL-derived chiral monophosphite ligands can override this effect and direct rhodium-catalyzed hydroboration of β-aryl and β-heteroaryl methylidenes by pinacolborane to selectively produce either chiral primary or tertiary borated products. The regiodivergent behavior is coupled with enantiodivergent addition of the borane. The nature of the TADDOL backbone substituents and that of the phosphite moiety function synergistically to direct the sense and extent of regioselectivity and enantioinduction. Twenty substrates are shown to undergo each reaction mode with regioselectivity values reaching greater than 20:1 and enantiomer ratios reaching up to 98:2. A variety of subsequent transformations illustrate the potential utility of each product.
Determination of the Absolute Configuration of β-Chiral Primary Alcohols Using the Competing Enantioselective Conversion Method
Burns, Alexander S.,Wagner, Alexander J.,Fulton, Jennifer L.,Young, Kyle,Zakarian, Armen,Rychnovsky, Scott. D.
supporting information, p. 2953 - 2956 (2017/06/07)
A method for determining the absolute configuration of β-chiral primary alcohols has been developed. Enantioenriched alcohols were acylated in the presence of either enantiomer of the enantioselective acylation catalyst HBTM, and the faster reaction was determined by measuring product conversion using 1H NMR spectroscopic analysis. An empirical mnemonic was developed that correlates the absolute configuration of the alcohol to the faster reacting catalyst. Successful substrates for this method include primary alcohols that bear a "directing group" on the stereogenic center; directing groups include arenes, heteroarenes, enones, and halides.
Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Kumada Cross-Coupling of Symmetric Cyclic Sulfates
Eno, Meredith S.,Lu, Alexander,Morken, James P.
, p. 7824 - 7827 (2016/07/11)
Nickel-catalyzed enantioselective cross-couplings between symmetric cyclic sulfates and aromatic Grignard reagents are described. These reactions are effective with a broad range of substituted cyclic sulfates and deliver products with asymmetric tertiary carbon centers. Mechanistic experiments point to a stereoinvertive SN2-like oxidative addition of a nickel complex to the electrophilic substrate.
Systematic methodology for the development of biocatalytic hydrogen-borrowing cascades: Application to the synthesis of chiral α-substituted carboxylic acids from α-substituted α,β-unsaturated aldehydes
Knaus, Tanja,Mutti, Francesco G.,Humphreys, Luke D.,Turner, Nicholas J.,Scrutton, Nigel S.
, p. 223 - 233 (2015/02/19)
Ene-reductases (ERs) are flavin dependent enzymes that catalyze the asymmetric reduction of activated carbon-carbon double bonds. In particular, α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds (e.g. enals and enones) as well as nitroalkenes are rapidly reduced. Conversely, α,β-unsaturated esters are poorly accepted substrates whereas free carboxylic acids are not converted at all. The only exceptions are α,β-unsaturated diacids, diesters as well as esters bearing an electron-withdrawing group in α- or β-position. Here, we present an alternative approach that has a general applicability for directly obtaining diverse chiral α-substituted carboxylic acids. This approach combines two enzyme classes, namely ERs and aldehyde dehydrogenases (Ald-DHs), in a concurrent reductive-oxidative biocatalytic cascade. This strategy has several advantages as the starting material is an α-substituted α,β-unsaturated aldehyde, a class of compounds extremely reactive for the reduction of the alkene moiety. Furthermore no external hydride source from a sacrificial substrate (e.g. glucose, formate) is required since the hydride for the first reductive step is liberated in the second oxidative step. Such a process is defined as a hydrogen-borrowing cascade. This methodology has wide applicability as it was successfully applied to the synthesis of chiral substituted hydrocinnamic acids, aliphatic acids, heterocycles and even acetylated amino acids with elevated yield, chemo- and stereo-selectivity. A systematic methodology for optimizing the hydrogen-borrowing two-enzyme synthesis of α-chiral substituted carboxylic acids was developed. This systematic methodology has general applicability for the development of diverse hydrogen-borrowing processes that possess the highest atom efficiency and the lowest environmental impact. This journal is
Highly enantioselective hydrogenation of 2-substituted-2-alkenols catalysed by a ChenPhos-Rh complex
Wang, Quanjun,Liu, Xueying,Liu, Xian,Li, Bin,Nie, Huifang,Zhang, Shengyong,Chen, Weiping
, p. 978 - 980 (2014/01/06)
Highly enantioselective hydrogenation of a variety of 2-substituted-2- alkenols has been achieved using a ChenPhos-Rh complex as catalyst, giving ≥99% ee for most substrates. Optically active antifungal agent amorolfine was first synthesised using hydrogenation as the key step. This journal is
Phase-transfer-catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of axially chiral anilides
Liu, Kun,Wu, Xiangfei,Kan, S.B. Jennifer,Shirakawa, Seiji,Maruoka, Keiji
supporting information, p. 3214 - 3221 (2014/01/06)
Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of axially chiral o-iodoanilides and o-tert-butylanilides as useful chiral building blocks was achieved by means of binaphthyl-modified chiral quaternary ammonium-salt-catalyzed N-alkylations under phase-transfer conditions. The synthetic utility of axially chiral products was demonstrated in various transformations. For example, axially chiral N-allyl-o-iodoanilide was transformed to 3-methylindoline by means of radical cyclization with high chirality transfer from axial chirality to C-centered chirality. Furthermore, stereochemical information on axial chirality in o-tert-butylanilides could be used as a template to control the stereochemistry of subsequent transformations. The transition-state structure of the present phase-transfer reaction was discussed on the basis of the X-ray crystal structure of ammonium anilide, which was prepared from binaphthyl-modified chiral ammonium bromide and o-iodoanilide. The chiral tetraalkylammonium bromide as a phase-transfer catalyst recognized the steric difference between the ortho substituents on anilide to obtain high enantioselectivity. The size and structural effects of the ortho substituents on anilide were investigated, and a wide variety of axially chiral anilides that possess various functional groups could be synthesized with high enantioselectivities. This method is the only general way to access a variety of axially chiral anilides in a highly enantioselective fashion reported to date. Copyright
Development of a robust procedure for the copper-catalyzed ring-opening of epoxides with Grignard reagents
Alam, Mahbub,Wise, Christopher,Baxter, Carl A.,Cleator, Ed,Walkinshaw, Andrew
experimental part, p. 435 - 441 (2012/07/31)
A general procedure for the copper-catalyzed regioselective ring-opening of epoxides with Grignard reagents is described. The procedure developed provides robust reaction conditions which limit the formation of impurities and has been applied successfully using a series of epoxides and Grignard reagents to provide the desired products in >90% yield with excellent regioselectivity and purity.
Enantioselective α-arylation of aldehydes via the productive merger of iodonium salts and organocatalysis
Allen, Anna E.,MacMillan, David W. C.
supporting information; experimental part, p. 4260 - 4263 (2011/06/21)
The enantioselective α-arylation of aldehydes has been accomplished using diaryliodonium salts and a combination of copper and organic catalysts. These mild catalytic conditions provide a new strategy for the enantioselective construction and retention of enolizable α-formyl benzylic stereocenters, a valuable synthon for the production of medicinal agents. As one example, this new asymmetric protocol has been applied to the rapid synthesis of (S)-ketoprofen, a commercially successful oral and topical analgesic.
Rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition of arylboroxines to borylalkenes: Asymmetric synthesis of β-arylalkylboranes
Sasaki, Keigo,Hayashi, Tamio
supporting information; experimental part, p. 8145 - 8147 (2011/02/22)
Asymmetric conjugate addition of arylboroxines to borylalkenes proceed in the presence of a chiral bisphosphine/rhodium complex as a catalyst to give chiral β-arylalkylboranes with high enantioselectivities (see scheme). [O]=H2O2/NaOH.
Highly enantioselective hydroformylation of aryl alkenes with diazaphospholane ligands
Watkins, Avery L.,Hashiguchi, Brian G.,Landis, Clark R.
supporting information; experimental part, p. 4553 - 4556 (2009/05/13)
(Chemical Equation Presented) Asymmetric, rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of terminal and internal aryl alkenes with diazaphospholane ligands is reported. Under partially optimized reaction conditions, high enantioselectivity (>90% ee) and regioselectivities (up to 65:1 α:β) are obtained for most substrates. For terminal alkenes, both enantioselectivity and regioselectivity are proportional to the carbon monoxide partial pressure, but independent of hydrogen pressure. Hydroformylation of para-substituted styrene derivatives gives the highest regioselectivity for substrates bearing electron-withdrawing substituents. A Hammett analysis produces a positive linear correlation for regioselectivity.
